The effect of fasting on the functioning of the immune system based on the measurement of plasma granulysin level
Abstract
For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.
Background and Objectives: Plasma granulysin levels as a biomarker of the immune system are currently being considered. NK cells are a major source of plasma granulysin. Plasma granulysin levels can reflect the total population of NK cell activity in the body. The effect of Ramadan fasting on the immune system function based on the measurement of plasma granulysin levels have not been studied yet.
Materials and Methods: A total of 44 male volunteers with a mean age of 41.15±13.6 years were selected for the study. Blood samples were obtained on the 29th days of fasting and also four month after Ramadan. Plasma Granulysin, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), FBS, Uric acid and CRP were investigated.
Results: It was observed that the mean concentrations of serum CRP on the 29th day of Ramadan were significantly lower than those recorded four months after Ramadan. Mean concentrations of serum LDL on the 29th day of Ramadan were significantly higher than those recorded four months after Ramadan. There was no difference between fasting and non-fasting groups in plasma granulysin levels.
Conclusion: Fasting caused modulation in the CRP level, but did not affect plasma granulysin levels.
Keywords: Ramadan fasting; Granulysin; ImmunomodulationFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here.
References
Refrences
Speakman JR, Mitchell SE, Caloric restriction, Molecular Aspects of Medicine 2011;32:159-221
Zare A, Hajhashemi M, Hassan Z M, Zarrin S, Pourpak Z, Moin M, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on serum heat shock protein 70 and serum lipid profile, Singapore Med J 2011; 52: 491-495
Argani H, Mozaffari S, Rahnama B, Rahbani BM, Rejaie M, Ghafari A.Evaluation of biochemical and immunologic changes in renal transplant recipients during ramadan fasting. Transplantation Proceedings, 2003;35:2725-2726.
Hallak M H ,Nomani M Z. Body weight loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric diets during Ramadan fasting. The American journal of clinical nutrition,1998;48:1197-1210.
Khafaji HARH, Bener A, Osman M, Al Merri A, Al Suwaidi J, The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on the lipid profile, hs-CRP, and serum leptin in stable cardiac patients. Vascular Health and Risk Management,2012;8:7-14.
Yousefi B,Faghfoori Z,Samadi N,Karami H,Ahmadi Y,Badalzadeh, et al. The effects of Ramadan fasting on endothelial function in patients with cardiovascular diseases.2014;68:835-839.
Rouhani MH, Azadbakht L. Is Ramadan fasting related to health outcomes? A review on the related evidence. J Res Med Sci. 2014 ; 19: 987–992
Develioglu ON, Kucur M, Ipek HD, Celebi S, Can G, Kulekci M. Effects of Ramadan fasting on serum immunoglobulin G and M, and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations. J Int Med Res. 2013 Apr;41:463-72
Faris MA, Kacimi S, Al-Kurd RA, Fararjeh MA, Bustanji YK, Mohammad MK, et al. Intermittent fasting during Ramadan attenuates proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in healthy subjects. Nutr Res. 2012;32: 947-55.
Clayberger C, Krensky AM. Granulysin. Current Opinion in Immunology,2003;15:560-565.
Tewary P, Yang D, de la Rosa G, Li Y, Finn MW, Krensky AM, et al.Granulysin activates antigen-presenting cells through TLR4 and acts as an immune alarmin. Blood. 2010;116:3465-3474.
Di Liberto D,Buccheri S,Caccamo N, Meraviglia S,Romano A,Di Carlo P,et al. Decreased serum granulysin levels in childhood tuberculosis which reverse after therapy. Tuberculosis,2007;87:322-328.
Fujita Y,Yoshioka N,Abe R,Murata J,Hoshina D,Mae H,et al. Rapid immunochromatographic test for serum granulysin is useful for the prediction of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.2011;65:65-68.
Sahiratmadja E,Alisjahbana B,Buccheri S,Di Liberto D,de Boer T,Adnan I, et al. Plasma granulysin levels and cellular interferon-ɣ production correlate with curative host responses in tuberculosis, while plasma interferon-?? levels correlate with tuberculosis disease activity in adults. Tuberculosis,2007;87:312-321.
Li Q, Morimoto K, Nakadai A, Qu T, Matsushima H, Katsumata M, et al. Healthy lifestyles are associated
with higher levels of perforin, granulysin and granzymes A/B-expressing cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Prev Med. 2007;44:117-23.
Xiumin Z, Kaori M, Arta F, Yohei H, Kazuyuki O, Kinya N,et al. Exhaustive exercise induces differential changes in serum granulysin and circulating number of natural killer cells. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2006;210: 117-24.
Koo SH, Flechner L, Qi L, Zhang X, Screaton RA, Jeffries S, et al. The CREB coactivator TORC2 is a key regulator of fasting glucose metabolism. Nature. 2005 Oct 20;437:1109-11
Aksungar FB, Topkaya AE, Akyildiz M. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and biochemical
parameters during prolonged intermittent fasting. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007;51:88-95
Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L,et al: The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J 2006, 47:409-414. 20
Trepanowski JF, Canale RE,Marshall KE,Kabir MM,Bloomer R J. Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: a summary of available findings Nutrition Journal 2011, 10:107
Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ. The impact of religious fasting on human health Nutrition Journal2010, 9:57
Published
Issue
Section
License
Under Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (June 20, 2003), cience-research Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat are fully compliant with open access mandates, by publishing its articles under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain copyright of their work and can deposit their publication in any repository. This means that articles can be freely reused by the author and others as long as the article is properly cited. Published articles in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Journals can be deposited immediately into an online repository without any cost. This articles can be, printed, archived in a collection, included in course-packs, and distributed without restrictions. Please read the full Creative Commons License for further information.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
