Relationship of Health Anxiety and Mental Health with Psychological Vulnerability Mediated by Perceived Social Support in Nurses Working in COVID-19 Wards
Advances in Nursing & Midwifery,
Vol. 32 No. 1 (2023),
15 January 2023
,
Page 29-35
Abstract
Introduction: Nurses have a crucial position in health care, making up more than 75% of health care providers. The working environment can cause chronic stress in nurses. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of health anxiety and mental health with psychological vulnerability mediated by perceived social support in nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Shiraz (Iran).
Methods: This descriptive-correlational study used multistage random sampling to enroll all 200 nurses of the COVID unit of the hospital in Shiraz in 2022. The research tools included the General Health Questionaire-28, the Health Anxiety Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit. According to the results the direct paths from perceived social support and mental health to psychological vulnerability were significant (P<0.01). There was a positive and significant relationship between health anxiety with psychological vulnerability and perceived social support with mental health (P<0.01). The direct path from health anxiety to perceived social support was not significant.
Conclusions: Mental health and perceived social support effectively reduced psychological vulnerability and could help mitigate the psychological harms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
- Nurses
- Mental health
- Anxiety
- Vulnerability
- Social support
- COVID-19
How to Cite
References
Al Thobaity A, Alshammari F. Nurses on the Frontline against the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review. Dubai Med J. 2020:1-6. doi: 10.1159/000509361
Mohammadi S, Tajabadi A, Roshanzadeh M. Predicting Moral Distress Through the Dimensions of Psychological Empowerment in Nurses. Adv Nurs Midwife. 2021;30(4):21-7.
Clari M, Luciani M, Conti A, Sciannameo V, Berchialla P, Di Giulio P, et al. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nursing Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study. J Pers Med. 2021;11(10). doi: 10.3390/jpm11100945 pmid: 34683086
Serrano J, Hassamal S, Hassamal S, Dong F, Neeki M. Depression and anxiety prevalence in nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Manage. 2021;52(6):24-32. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000752784.86469.b9 pmid: 34016869
Slusarska B, Nowicki GJ, Niedorys-Karczmarczyk B, Chrzan-Rodak A. Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Nurses during the First Eleven Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031154 pmid: 35162183
Nadeem F, Sadiq A, Raziq A, Iqbal Q, Haider S, Saleem F, et al. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Wave III: Results of a Cross-Sectional Assessment. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021;14:3093-101. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S338104 pmid: 34785902
Ali A, Rasheed A, Naz S. Health-related Quality of Life of Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):490-5. doi: 10.12669/pjms.36.3.1267 pmid: 32292458
Mokhtarian-Gilani T, Kariman N. Does the Prevalence of Postpartum Depression Decrease during Quarantine for Covid-19 Pandemic? Adv Nurs Midwife. 2021;29(3):48-9.
Wong MC, Teoh JY, Huang J, Wong SH. The potential impact of vulnerability and coping capacity on the pandemic control of COVID-19. J Infect. 2020;81(5):816-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.060 pmid: 32474040
Makwana N. Disaster and its impact on mental health: A narrative review. J Family Med Prim Care. 2019;8(10):3090-5. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_893_19 pmid: 31742125
Ohue T, Togo E, Ohue Y, Mitoku K. Mental health of nurses involved with COVID-19 patients in Japan, intention to resign, and influencing factors. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(31):e26828. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000026828 pmid: 34397847
Xu X, Manzoor F, Jiang S, Mumtaz A. Unpacking the Mental Health of Nurses during COVID-19: Evidence from Pakistan. J Clin Med. 2021;10(16). doi: 10.3390/jcm10163546 pmid: 34441841
Prabha L, Ganjekar S, Gupta V, Desai G, Chaturvedi SK. A Comparative Study of Health Anxiety in Neurology and Psychiatry Settings. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2020;11(1):125-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3399395 pmid: 32140015
Chappell AS. Toward a Lifestyle Medicine Approach to Illness Anxiety Disorder (Formerly Hypochondriasis). Am J Lifestyle Med. 2018;12(5):365-9. doi: 10.1177/1559827618764649 pmid: 30283260
Bailer J, Kerstner T, Witthoft M, Diener C, Mier D, Rist F. Health anxiety and hypochondriasis in the light of DSM-5. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2016;29(2):219-39. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1036243 pmid: 25846805
Lebel S, Mutsaers B, Tomei C, Leclair CS, Jones G, Petricone-Westwood D, et al. Health anxiety and illness-related fears across diverse chronic illnesses: A systematic review on conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, course, and correlates. PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0234124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234124 pmid: 32716932
Mokhtari R, Moayedi S, Golitaleb M. COVID-19 pandemic and health anxiety among nurses of intensive care units. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2020;29(6):1275-7. doi: 10.1111/inm.12800 pmid: 33063915
Javadi MH, Khoshnami MS, Noruzi S, Rahmani R. Health anxiety and social health among health care workers and health volunteers exposed to coronavirus disease in Iran (2020): A structural equation modeling. J Affect Disord Rep. 2022;8:100321. doi: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100321 pmid: 35165675
Shayganfard M, Mahdavi F, Haghighi M, Sadeghi-Bahmani D, Brand S. Sources of Health Anxiety for Hospital Staff Working during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(6). doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063094 pmid: 33802863
Hou T, Yin Q, Xu Y, Gao J, Bin L, Li H, et al. The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support Between Resilience and Anxiety 1 Year After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparity Between High-Risk and Low-Risk Nurses in China. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:666789. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.666789 pmid: 34108897
Mohammadi S, Kamali N, Jamshidbeigi Y, Zakariaee SS, Rostami A, Kenarkoohi A. Relationship between Social Support and Mental Health of Novice Nurses during Coronavirus Epidemic. Adv Nurs Midwife. 2021;30(3):35-42.
Ortiz-Calvo E, Martinez-Ales G, Mediavilla R, Gonzalez-Gomez E, Fernandez-Jimenez E, Bravo-Ortiz MF, et al. The role of social support and resilience in the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers in Spain. J Psychiatr Res. 2022;148:181-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.030 pmid: 35124398
Mohammadian S, Asgari P, Makvandi B, Naderi F. Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Anxiety, Cognitive Avoidance, and Empathy of Couples Visiting Counseling Centers in Ahvaz City, Iran. J Res Health. 2021;11(6):393-402. doi: 10.32598/JRH.11.6.1889.1
Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979;9(1):139-45. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700021644 pmid: 424481
Malakouti SK, Fatollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Zandi T. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GHQ-28 used among elderly Iranians. Int Psychogeriatr. 2007;19(4):623-34. doi: 10.1017/S1041610206004522 pmid: 17069666
Salkovskis PM, Rimes KA, Warwick HM, Clark DM. The Health Anxiety Inventory: development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychol Med. 2002;32(5):843-53. doi: 10.1017/s0033291702005822 pmid: 12171378
Nargesi F, Izadi F, Kariminejad K, Rezaii Sharif A. The investigation of the reliability and validity of Persian version of Health anxiety questionnaire in students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Quarter Educat Measure. 2017;7(27):147-60.
Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. J Personal Assess. 1988;52(1):30-41. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Hassani SF, Tizdast T, Zarbakhsh MR. The Role of Self-compassion and Hope in the Relationship Between Psychological Wellbeing, Maladaptive Schemas, Resilience, and Social Support in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. J Client Center Nurs Care. 2021;7(3):195-204. doi: 10.32598/JCCNC.7.3.372.1
Bachmann L, Michaelsen R, Vatne S. Professional vulnerability in mental healthcare contexts: A focus group study of milieu-therapists' experiences. Nurs Open. 2019;6(3):1076-87. doi: 10.1002/nop2.292 pmid: 31367433
Chen SY, Yan SR, Zhao WW, Gao Y, Zong W, Bian C, et al. The mediating and moderating role of psychological resilience between occupational stress and mental health of psychiatric nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):823. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04485-y pmid: 36564737
Arimon-Pages E, Fernandez-Ortega P, Fabrellas-Padres N, Castro-Garcia AM, Canela-Soler J. Dealing with Emotional Vulnerability and Anxiety in Nurses from High-Risk Units-A Multicenter Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9). doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095569 pmid: 35564963
Soltani Z, Ebrahimi H, Niai Maddah SM, Jahanian A. The Relationship between Health Anxiety and Perceived Stress with Moral Distress in Emergency Nurses: The Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance. Health Emergenc Disaster Quarter. 2022;7(3):127-34. doi: 10.32598/hdq.7.3.409.1
Zhou L, Sukpasjaroen K, Wu Y, Gao L, Chankoson T, Cai E. Perceived Social Support Promotes Nursing Students' Psychological Wellbeing: Explained With Self-Compassion and Professional Self-Concept. Front Psychol. 2022;13:835134. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.835134 pmid: 35478770
- Abstract Viewed: 12 times
- pdf Downloaded: 38 times