Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023)

Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023), 1 January 2023 , Page 31-41
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v7i1.45786

Abstract

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for ophthalmologists. The aim of this manuscript is to provide general guidance for ophthalmologists to understand the prevalence of ocular manifestations in patients with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: Relevant studies published between November 1, 2019, and July 15, 2020, regarding ocular manifestations of COVID-19 or the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the cornea, conjunctiva, tear sac, and tears were identified from PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalKey. The search keywords included "COVID-19," "ocular findings/symptoms/signs," "eye/ophthalmology," "2019-nCoV," and "SARS-CoV-2." The PRISMA guideline was utilized for this systematic review. The reference list of all identified articles was manually searched by two authors independently. Relevant abstracts were reviewed, and if eligible, full texts and related reference lists were further assessed for eligibility. Subsequently, a snowballing method, applied to retrieval sources, was used for the search.
Results: The pooled prevalence of ocular manifestations among COVID-19 patients was estimated at 7 % (95 % confidence interval: 3  % - 10  %). Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular manifestation in COVID-19. Ocular manifestations in COVID-19 patients usually involve surface eye symptoms.
Conclusion: Ocular manifestations in COVID-19 patients typically include surface eye symptoms, such as conjunctival congestion, foreign body sensation, and, rarely, subepithelial involvement of the cornea. As demonstrated in our meta-analysis, the prevalence of ocular manifestations among COVID-19 patients is relatively high, and it is essential for ophthalmologists and all healthcare professionals to be aware of these occurrences.

Keywords:
  • Coronavirus
  • Ocular
  • Manifestations
  • Ophthalmology
  • Review

How to Cite

Jamalzehi , M., & Dadgar, F. (2023). Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences, 7(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v7i1.45786

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