Evaluation of Asymptomatic Cardiac Disease in Patients with Ocular Pseudoexfoliation
Journal of Ophthalmic and Optometric Sciences,
Vol. 2 No. 3 (2018),
23 June 2018
,
Page 8-13
https://doi.org/10.22037/joos.v2i3.29568
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate asymptomatic cardiac disease in patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation.
Patients and Method: Forty-two patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation (with or without glaucoma) and 40 patients without pseudoexfoliation, who had no positive signs or symptoms of cardiac diseases, were enrolled in this study. For each participant a standard treadmill exercise test, as a noninvasive and reliable method for detecting ischemic heart disease, was performed under supervision of a cardiologist. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was compared in the case and control groups.
Results: The mean age of participants was 68.38 ± 8.10 years in the case and 62.45 ± 8.40 years in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and family history of ischemic heart disease. Twenty patients (47.6 %) with pseudoexfoliation and 9 participants (22.5 %) without pseudoexfoliation had hypertension (P = 0.02). There were 10 (23.8 %) positive exercise tests in the pseudoexfoliation group and 8 (20 %) positive exercise tests in participants without pseudoexfoliation (P = 0.78).
Conclusion: Based on our findings ocular pseudoexfoliation was not associated with increased risk of asymptomatic ischemic heart disease as evaluated by a treadmill exercise test.
Keywords: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome; Exercise test; Myocardial ischemia; Iran.
How to Cite
References
Lindberg JG. Clinical investigations on depigmentation of the pupillary border and translucency of the iris in cases of senile cataract and in normal eyes in elderly persons. Acta Ophthalmol Suppl. 1989;190:1-96.
Ritch R, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Konstas AG. Why is glaucoma associated with exfoliation syndrome? Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003;22(3):253-75.
Aasved H. Mass screening for fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis, so-called senile exfoliation or pseudoexfoliation of the anterior lens capsule. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1971;49(2):334-43.
Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, von der Mark K, Sakai LY, Naumann GO. Increased extracellular deposition of fibrillin-containing fibrils in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38(5):970-84.
Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Naumann GO. Ocular and systemic pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(5):921-37.
Schlötzer-Schrehardt UM, Koca MR, Naumann GO, Volkholz H. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Ocular manifestation of a systemic disorder? Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110(12):1752-6.
Altintas O, Yuksel N, Sonmez GT, Ozkan B, Altintas L, Caliskan Ş, et al. Serum antiphospholipid antibody levels in pseudoexfoliation. J Glaucoma. 2012;21(5):326-30.
Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Smith W. Association of pseudoexfoliation syndrome with increased vascular risk. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124(5):685-7.
Schumacher S, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Martus P, Lang W, Naumann GO. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Lancet. 2001;357(9253):359-60.
Andrikopoulos GK, Mela EK, Georgakopoulos CD, Papadopoulos GE, Damelou AN, Alexopoulos DK, et al. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome prevalence in Greek patients with cataract and its association to glaucoma and coronary artery disease. Eye (Lond). 2009;23(2):442-7.
Atalar PT, Atalar E, Kilic H, Abbasoglu OE, Ozer N, Aksöyek S, et al. Impaired systemic endothelial function in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Int Heart J. 2006;47(1):77-84.
Shrum KR, Hattenhauer MG, Hodge D. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality associated with ocular pseudoexfoliation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129(1):83-6.
Ringvold A, Blika S, Sandvik L. Pseudo-exfoliation and mortality. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1997;75(3):255-6.
Brajkovic J, Kalauz-Surac I, Ercegovic A, Miletic-Juric A, Susic N, Buric Z. Ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome and internal systemic diseases. Acta Clin Croat. 2007;1:57-61.
Suratkal V, Shirke M, Lele RD. Treadmill ECG test combined with myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation of coronary artery disease: analysis of 340 cases. J Assoc Physicians India. 2003;51:561-4.
Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, Chaitman BR, Fletcher GF, Froelicher VF, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(8):1531-40.
Mégnien JL, Simon A. Exercise tolerance test for predicting coronary heart disease in asymptomatic individuals: A review. Atherosclerosis. 2009;205(2):579-83.
McNeer JF, Margolis JR, Lee KL, Kisslo JA, Peter RH, Kong Y, et al. The role of the exercise test in the evaluation of patients for ischemic heart disease. Circulation. 1978;57(1):64-70.
Jonasson F. Solving the enigma of exfoliation glaucoma: a breakthrough in glaucoma research. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2007;85(8):808-9.
Streeten BW, Li ZY, Wallace RN, Eagle RC Jr, Keshgegian AA. Pseudoexfoliative fibrillopathy in visceral organs of a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992;110(12):1757-62.
Streeten BW, Dark AJ, Wallace RN, Li ZY, Hoepner JA. Pseudoexfoliative fibrillopathy in the skin of patients with ocular pseudoexfoliation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990;110(5):490-9.
Citirik M, Acaroglu G, Batman C, Yildiran L, Zilelioglu O. A possible link between the pseudoexfoliation syndrome and coronary artery disease. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(1):11-5.
Sekeroglu MA, Bozkurt B, Irkec M, Ustunel S, Orhan M, Saracbasi O. Systemic associations and prevalence of exfoliation syndrome in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2008;18(4):551-5.
Bojić L, Ermacora R, Polić S, Ivanisević M, Mandić Z, Rogosić V, et al. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and asymptomatic myocardial dysfunction. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005;243(5):446-9.
Praveen MR, Shah SK, Vasavada AR, Diwan RP, Shah SM, Zumkhawala BR, et al. Pseudoexfoliation as a risk factor for peripheral vascular disease: a case-control study. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(2):174-9.
Sainz Gómez C, Moreno-Montañés J, Escudero Berasategui JM, Sádaba Echarri LM, Fernández Hortelano A, García Layana A. Prevalence and risk factors of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in institutionalized geriatric patients in Navarra. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2003;78(7):383-8. (Article in Spanish)
Demir N, Ulus T, Yucel OE, Kumral ET, Singar E, Tanboga HI. Assessment of myocardial ischaemia using tissue Doppler imaging in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Eye (Lond). 2011;25(9):1177-80.
Wang W, He M, Zhou M, Zhang X. Ocular pseudoexfoliation syndrome and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92767.
Ciçek Yılmaz D, Yılmaz A, Göksel I, Cirit A, Sen F, Tamer L. Evaluation of left ventricular functions in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome using tissue Doppler echocardiography and its association with plasma BNP levels. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2014;14(5):422-6.
Emiroglu MY, Coskun E, Karapinar H, Capkın M, Kaya Z, Kaya H, et al. Is pseudoexfoliation syndrome associated with coronary artery disease? N Am J Med Sci. 2010;2(10):487-90.
French DD, Margo CE, Harman LE. Ocular pseudoexfoliation and cardiovascular disease: a national cross-section comparison study. N Am J Med Sci. 2012;4(10):468-73.
- Abstract Viewed: 141 times
- PDF Downloaded: 106 times
