Effect of n-Butanol on Chromosomal Damage in Mice Bone Marrow Cells
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016),
3 July 2016
,
Page 110-115
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v4i3.10731
Abstract
Background: n-Butanol is a four-carbon alcohol used widely in foods, cosmetics industries, biology and chemistry research laboratories, and other fields. Long time-effects of inhalation or consumption of small amounts of Butanol on human health are still unknown. On the other hand, numerous reports about the development of n-Butanol toxicity are available. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of inhaled and oral administration of n-Butanol as a long-term in vivo investigation.Materials and Methods: Small white laboratory, male mice (20-30 g) were used in 11 groups (n=4) including experimental 1 to 6, 1 to 4 control "A” and positive control groups. Experimental groups 1-3, for 10, 20, and 40 days; 5 hours a day were inside a box with ventilation facilities exposed to air saturated with n-Butanol vapor. Experimental groups 4 to 6, received water containing n-Butanol 0.2%, 1% and 5% for 10 days. Control groups B, 1 to 3 was placed for 10, 20, and 40 days inside a similar box exposed to normal air, respectively. Control group B 4 received water without any particular substance for 10 days. The positive control group received 30µl subcutaneous vinblastine. Bone marrow cells were extracted 24 hours after treatments and stained by May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining and the number of micronucleus was counted. Vinblastine, as a positive control, increased an average of micronucleus numbers significantly compared to control group (P<0.001).
Results: n-Butanol inhalation caused no significant difference in 1-3 experimental groups in the average numbers of micronucleus compared to control group, even in the 40 days treatment group, average numbers of micronucleus was decreased comparing to control group (P<0.05). Also, oral administration of 0.2% and 1% n-Butanol had no effect on the average micronucleus numbers compared to the control group, while oral administration of 5% n-Butanol caused even decrease in average numbers of micronucleus compared to control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: n-Butanol inhalation may not cause chromosome damages in rat bone marrow cells that probably is due to its very fast metabolism and decomposition in the body. Therefore, the amount of n-Butanol in the systemic circulation and tissues is very low and, probably, the damaging potential is decreased.- n-Butanol
- Chromosomal damage
- Bone marrow cells
- Micronucleus
How to Cite
References
Steen EJ, Chan R, Prasad N, Myers S, Petzold CJ, Redding A, et al. Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of n-butanol. Microb Cell Fact. 2008;7(1):36.
Rappert S, Müller R. Odor compounds in waste gas emissions from agricultural operations and food industries. Waste Management. 2005;25(9):887-907.
Sarathy S, Thomson M, Togbé C, Dagaut P, Halter F, Mounaim-Rousselle C. An experimental and kinetic modeling study of n-butanol combustion. Combustion and Flame. 2009;156(4):852-64.
Gross J, Leblond C. Distribution of a large dose of thyroxine labeled with radioiodine in the organs and tissues of the rat. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1947;171(1):309-20.
Ding W-X, Shen H-M, Zhu H-G, Lee B-L, Ong C-N. Genotoxicity of microcystic cyanobacteria extract of a water source in China. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 1999;442(2):69-77.
Hicks R, Wakefield JSJ. Rapid induction of bladder cancer in rats with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea I. Histology. Chemico-biological interactions. 1972;5(2):139-52.
Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Grawé J, Zetterberg G. The micronucleus test in rat erythrocytes from bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood: the response to low doses of ionizing radiation, cyclophosphamide and vincristine determined by flow cytometry. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1999;423(1):113-24.
Bonte W. Congener content of German and foreign beers. Blutalkohol. 1979;16(2):108-24.
Barton H, Deisinger P, English J, Gearhart J, Faber W, Tyler T, et al. Family approach for estimating reference concentrations/doses for series of related organic chemicals. Toxicological Sciences. 2000;54(1):251-61.
Ema M, Hara H, Matsumoto M, Hirose A, Kamata E. Evaluation of developmental toxicity of 1-butanol given to rats in drinking water throughout pregnancy. Food and chemical toxicology. 2005;43(2):325-31.
Berezina OV, Zakharova NV, Brandt A, Yarotsky SV, Schwarz WH, Zverlov VV. Reconstructing the clostridial n-butanol metabolic pathway in Lactobacillus brevis. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. 2010;87(2):635-46.
Crebelli R, Conti G, Conti L, Carere A. A comparative study on ethanol and acetaldehyde as inducers of chromosome malsegregation in Aspergillus nidulans. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1989;215(2):187-95.
Obe G, Ristow H. Acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, induces sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1977;56(2):211-3.
McKee M, Sűzcs S, Sárváry A, Ádany R, Kiryanov N, Saburova L, et al. The composition of surrogate alcohols consumed in Russia. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 2005;29(10):1884-8.
- Abstract Viewed: 549 times
- PDF Downloaded: 641 times