Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract
Introduction:
More than 100 million women worldwide use hormonal contraceptive, including using DMPA or
oral contraceptive. There is particular concern about a putative link between hormonal
contraception and HIV infection. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the association
between hormonal contraception use and risk of HIV infection
Methods:
We were retrieved through a systematic search of electronic databases such as PubMed, Science
Direct, Elsevier, BMJ, JAMA by utilizing keywords HIV prevention, hormonal contraception,
women's` health, risk factors and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This search conducted for
relevant literature published between 1989 and 2013.
Finding:
An estimated 40 million people live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) globally. Most HIV
infected human are of reproductive age 15–49 years. Approximately 45% of women using
hormonal contraceptions. Long term used of Progestin-only Injectable such as DMPA and NETEN,
may cause thinning of cervico-vaginal mucosa, it may lead to abrasions that facilitate access of
HIV to CD4+ target cells in submucosal tissue and increased simian immunodeficiency virus
acquisition. Although the clinical significance of this thinning remains uncertain.
Conclusions:
The data do not support an association between use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of
HIV acquisition. Nonetheless, family planning services are an important venue for HIV prevention
activities
Keywords:
Hormonal Contraception, HIV, Risk Factors, Women Health

Abstract
Background
Health promoting behaviors are appropriate actions to promote health and prevent further decompensation due to heart
failure. Inner strength is a factor of psychological health and well- being and therefore is a dynamic element in holistic
recovery. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of inner strength and health promoting behaviors in
women with heart failure referring to hospital affiliated with Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2013.
Materials and methods
In this descriptive-Correlation Study, 145 women with heart failure referring to hospital affiliated with Shaheed
Beheshti Medical University were selected by convenience sampling method. A 3-part questionnaire including
demographics, inner strength questionnaire and Health-promoting lifestyle profile II was used for data collection. Data
were analyzed with SPSS 20.
Finding
There was significant correlation between inner strength and health promoting behaviors dimensions and health
promoting behaviors in general (p<0.001) as well as between all dimensions of inner strength (except knowing and
Searching dimension with physical activity, connectedness dimension with health responsibility and connectedness
dimension with physical activity) (p<0.01).
Conclusion
There is significant correlation between inner strength and health promoting behaviors of women with heart failure.
Therefore, attention to enhancement of inner strength by nurses seems necessary to improve the health in women with
heart failure.
Keywords:
Inner strength, Health promoting behaviors, Women, Heart failure

Abstract:
Background and Aim:
Organizational commitment and professional ethics are two of the most important issues in higher
education. The commitment to these issues is very challenging for the faculty members. The aim of
this study was to investigate the relationship between professional ethics and organizational
commitment of faculty members.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive-correlative study. The sample consisted of 150 faculty members of Kurdistan
University of Medical Sciences, they were randomly selected. The data selection tools were three
questionnaires including demographic work ethics and organizational commitment questionnaires.
Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and single-sample t test using SPSS (V. 16).
Results:
The mean score of professional ethics was 6.06 ± 1.05 and the mean score of organizational
commitment was 4.26 ± 1.10 which were above average of 4. The scores of professional ethics and
organizational commitment dimensions were also higher than average. There was a significant
relationship between professional ethics and organizational commitment and their dimensions (P<0.
05, r=0. 12).
Conclusion:
According to the findings, more attention to ethical standards and promotion of them among faculty
members is necessary. This is the responsibility of the managers of higher education institutions.
Keywords:
Professional Ethics; Ethics, Institutional; Faculty