It is our honor to present the first issue of School of medicine students’ journal.This is the first issue of the Journal of medical and biological sciences related to young researchers and students that have started their journey in the faculty of medicine in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences with the assistance of a group of elite and interested students. Transparently, with enthusiasm along with scientific methods, it is hoped that over time, this journal would be able to bring scientific research output to the attention of all researchers and scholars around the world.
Particularly, the process of selecting articles and reviewing them is as valid as to other distinct journals, and it does not differ in any aspect; however, the most indispensable point is the participation of medical students along with other students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the conduct of the administration of the journal indeed. As a matter of fact, this is the nobility of this journal in which students directly assist in all aspects. In the course of the initiation of this journal, the students at the Student Research Committee were able to have regular meetings and review the most accredited scientific journals in order to be competitive with other journals. Apparently, we hope that the content of our journal would be interested by the scholars and researchers; furthermore, we desire ro become one of most trusted and accredited journals among the most recognized ones. I would like to appreciate Dr. Karimi, the professor of Immunology in the immunology department and the Director of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences magazines. Dr. Karimi has assisted the journal from all aspects and she worked non stop for the improvement of the quality of this journal.
I would also like to thank Mr. Amir Hossein Aghdaee who worked truly hard as the Co-Editor-in-Chief and organized most of the works for the first issue of this journal. We wish to have a prosperous journal with the most trusted and accurate articles in which scientist would be able to benefit from them.

Background: Anthropometric studies have been introduced as the second priority of research in the field of medical sciences in Iran. Information obtained from such studies are used in industry and medical sciences, including the manufacturing of prostheses, gas masks, and surgical instruments. Considering the effect of genetic, age, sexual, climatic, and geographical factors and their high importance on anthropometric sizes, the aim of the present project is to investigate the neurocranial sizes of the cephalic indices of one-day-old male newborns in north of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 100 neurocranial sizes of one-day-old male newborns in Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital in Tehran using millimetric cephalometry. Measurements were performed according to the protocol and by a ruler, cephalometer, and tape meter (0.5mm precision rate). The data were collected and recorded in the relevant forms and then processed and analyzed by a biostatistics software.
Results: The present research showed that the mean head length, head width, ear height, head circumference, brain volume, brain weight, cephalic index, and the brain index was 118.2 mm, 94.3 mm, 71.3 mm, 348.5 mm, 415.1 ml, 429.2 g, 78.1%, and 12.8%, respectively. Frequency of different head phenotypes has been reported according to the cephalic index as follows: round head (65%), long head (20%), broad head (12%), and super-broad head (3%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the cephalic index of one-day-old male newborns in Tehran was lower than those born in Kermanshah, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Qazvin, which can be explained by the impact of gender, climate, and geographical area on neurocranial dimensions and sizes.

Objectives: Determination of the best diagnostic methods for ectopic pregnancy (EP) and threatened abortion is an issue of importance specially to improve the final prognosis. The purpose was to determine the CA-125 level in cases of EP and threatened abortion in comparison with control subjects.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study,90 consecutive women attending to Shohada-e-Tajrish and Mahdieh Hospitals in Tehran including those with EP and threatened abortion and control subjects were enrolled and CA-125 level was determined and compared across the three groups.

Results: The results in this study demonstrated that CA-125 level was significantly different across the groups (P=0.005) and in paired comparisons it was higher in threatened abortion cases versus control subjects (P=0.003) but it was not significantly differed between the other groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results it may be concluded that serum CA-125 level is higher in threatened abortion cases but not significantly in EP cases. Hence use of this method is recommended in clinical setting for threatened abortion.

Background: Optimal and appropriate antibiotic prescription for preoperative prophylaxis is an essential issue in hospitals. The nobility of the present study was to determine the rate of optimal antibiotic usage for preoperative prophylaxis in Shahid­ Beheshti University hospitals in 2014.
Materials and Methods: In this observational cross­-sectional study, 200 physicians employed in Shahid­ Beheshti University hospitals who performed surgical procedures were enrolled in the study and the rate of optimal antibiotic utilization for preoperative prophylaxis was evaluated.
Results: It was obtained that 64% of physicians had appropriate attitude and 41% had sufficient practice. The concordance rate according to the guidelines was medium in 52%, high in 29%, and low in 19%
Conclusion: It was ultimately attained that optimal antibiotic for preoperative prophylaxis is used by nearly half of physicians and also two­ third have appropriate perspective regarding the antibiotic usage.

Background: Anthropometry is one of the principal researches in. The eye orbit is involved in most cranial abnormalities. Concerning the lack of adequate information in Iranian populations and the effect of factors including gender, age, and geographical region, the aim of this study was to investigate the normal dimensions and sizes of human eye orbit through MRI.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical, and prospective study which was performed on 120 patients referring to the MRI center of Labafinejad and Torfeh hospitals. In fact, 20 patients were excluded due to eye-associated disorders. The longitudinal and transversal axes, as well as the eye orbit volume were measured, and the age, gender, and the sidedness of eye were reported and evaluated.
Results: The mean age was 38, and the eye orbit volume, longitudinal axis, and transversal axes were measured as 5593 mm3, 22 mm, and 21.9 mm, respectively. The minimum average measured value was related to the distance between the posterior edge of the frontal processes of the upper jaw bones (21 mm in females and 23 mm in males), while the maximum average was measured across the posterior poles of the two eye orbits (26 mm in females and 29 mm in males) (P<0.4).
Conclusion: The data suggestd that the longitudinal and transversal axes, as well as the volume of right and left eyes are larger in men than in women. The difference in the eye orbit volume of men, as compared to women can be attributed to a large body mass in men.

Background: Determination of a desirable diagnostic tests is an issue of importance especially to differentiate between tuberculosis) TB(, sarcoidosis, and anthracosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and anthracosis with CD8, CD3, and CD4 by flow-cytometry.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional comparative survey, 40 consecutive patients attending to Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran were enrolled and CD4/CD8 ratio, CD8, CD3, and CD4 were determined by flow-cytometry and compared across patients with three diseases including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and anthracosis.
Results: The results demonstrated that CD4 was significantly higher in anthracosis cases (P<0.007) and the CD8 was significantly higher in patients with TB (P<0.008).
Conclusion: It was attained ultimately that CD4 and CD8 levels could be a desirable diagnostic markers for anthracosis and TB, respectively.

The shock syndrome following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a life-threatening complication, accompanied by poor outcomes. The most common causes are bleeding and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction; albeit rare complications, they are still challenging. We herein report a 47-year-old man who suffered from complications following PCI, manifested as unexplained shock, which was resistant to conventional management.

Overestimating the role of the patient’s underlying disorder as the cause of the hypotension led to delay in diagnosis and treatment; however, obtaining a thorough familial history revealed diabetes insipidus (DI) as the most probable cause of the hypotension despite normal electrolyte levels at the time of admission. The patient dramatically responded to DI management.  

Persistent hypotension or shock after PCI can result from an unusual or rare etiology. Meticulous history taking and attention to clinical findings are essential for an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment of this life-threatening condition.