Evaluation of HbA1c Level in Pre-Diabetics in Prognosis of Diabetes Involvement and Retinopathy
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024),
30 January 2024
,
Page 17- 22
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v12i1.43051
Abstract
Background: Pre-diabetes is a level before diabetes involvement. Pre-diabetes is prevalent, and if the blood
glucose parameters of pre-diabetic patients do not reduce, patients will be involved with type 2 diabetes. In this
study, we aimed to investigate the value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level for predicting diabetes and
retinopathy involvement in pre-diabetics.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed on pre-diabetics referred to the endocrinology
clinic of Loghman Hakim Hospital (Tehran-Iran) from 2020-20211. The patients were assessed on age, sex,
familial history of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and laboratory studies, including fasting blood
sugar (FBS), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c, lipid profile, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and
alanine transaminase (ALT). All participants underwent ocular examination by an expert ophthalmologist for
retinopathy assessment. After one year, all participants were again assessed for all mentioned factors.
Results: Pre-diabetics are five-fold more likely to be involved with diabetes after one year than patients with
normal HbA1c. We found that patients with pre-diabetes HbA1c are 7.94 fold more at risk of retinopathy
involvement than pre-diabetic patients with normal HbA1c (all p-values<0.05).
Conclusion: A high level of HbA1c in pre-diabetics increases the risks of retinopathy and diabetes involvement.
- Diabetes
- Pre-diabetes
- Hemoglobin A1c
- HbA1c
- Retinopathy
How to Cite
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