The prevalence of depression and its related factors among taxi drivers in Tehran city during 2017-2018
Men's Health Journal,
Vol. 3 No. 1 (2019),
13 April 2019
,
Page e10
https://doi.org/10.22037/mhj.v3i1.27895
Abstract
Background: Depression is amongst the most significant causes responsible for loss of life, worldwide. It also increases the likelihood of accidents which may lead to unpleasant outcomes.
Aim: This paper was aimed to measure the prevalence and related factors of depression amongst taxi drivers in Tehran city, from 2017 to 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 taxi drivers. Cluster sampling was applied. Standard questionnaires, including Beck-21 items questionnaire, to measure depression, and job satisfaction questionnaire (JDI), were applied. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 24 using Odds Ratios (OR) by logistic regression models. Significant level was considered 5% at all analyses.
Results: The prevalence of depression was 43.3% and mean (SD) of job satisfaction score was 188.1 (54), with a median and interquartile range (70±193) for the highest and lowest level of job satisfaction were 350 and 60, respectively. The odds of having depression were 2.2 times higher in drivers with low job satisfaction (OR=2.2; 95%CI:1.3,3.8), 6.2 times higher in drivers who reported bad/very bad economic status (OR=6.2; 95%CI:2.1,18.3), and 1.8 times higher in cigarette smokers (OR=1.8; 95%CI:1.0,3.4). The odds also increased by 2.6 times in drivers who reported average self-rated health (OR=2.6; 95%CI: 1.5, 4.5), and by 10.1 times in drivers who reported bad self-rated health (OR=6.2; 95%CI: 1.5, 65.0). Furthermore, having a history of depression amongst first degree family members, increased the odds by 2.6 times (OR=2.6; 95%CI: 1.5, 4.5).
Conclusion: We found that 43% of taxi drivers in Tehran city suffer from varying degrees of depression. It seemed that cigarette smoking, family history of depression, job dissatisfaction, and poorer economic status were important contributors of depression in our investigation.
How to Cite
References
LaMontagne AD, Keegel T, Vallance D, Ostry A, Wolfe R. Job strain—attributable depression in a sample of working Australians: Assessing the contribution to health inequalities. BMC public health. 2008;8(1):181.
Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. Jama. 2003;289(23):3135-44.
Lim SM, Chia SE. The prevalence of fatigue and associated health and safety risk factors among taxi drivers in Singapore. Singapore medical journal. 2015;56(2):92.
Schaller B. The changing face of taxi and limousine drivers. New York: Schaller Consulting. 2004;3(1):2011.
Mirpuri S, Gill P, Ocampo A, Roberts N, Narang B, Hwang SW, et al. Discrimination and Health Among Taxi Drivers in New York and Toronto. Journal of community health. 2018;43(4):667-72.
Abbaspour M, Soltaninejad A. Design of an environmental assessment model on the effect of vehicle emission in greater Tehran on air pollution with economic sensitivity. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology. 2004;1(1):27-38.
Mohammadyan M, Alizadeh A, Etemadinejad S. Personal exposure to PM10 among taxi drivers in Iran. Indoor and Built Environment. 2010;19(5):538-45.
Ibrahimipour H, Maleki M-R, Brown R, Gohari M, Karimi I, Dehnavieh R. A qualitative study of the difficulties in reaching sustainable universal health insurance coverage in Iran. Health policy and planning. 2011;26(6):485-95.
Navadeh S, Moazenzadeh M, Mirzazadeh A. Driving environment in Iran increases blood pressure even in healthy taxi drivers. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2008;13(6):287-93.
Hansen J, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Olsen JH. Increased risk of lung cancer among different types of professional drivers in Denmark. Occupational and environmental medicine. 1998;55(2):115-8.
Depression W. Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2017:1-24.
Alavi SS, Mohammadi MR, Souri H, Kalhori SM, Jannatifard F, Sepahbodi G. Personality, driving behavior and mental disorders factors as predictors of road traffic accidents based on logistic regression. Iranian journal of medical sciences. 2017;42(1):24.
Ranjbar F, Ashktorab T, Dadgari A. Effect of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Depression. Journal of Shaheed Sodoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2010;18(3):299-306.
Smith, Patricia Cain , Kendall, Lome M. , and Hulin, Charles L. (1969), The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Zahedi M, Palahang H, Ghafari M. Job satisfaction among health personnel In Chahar-Mahal & Bakhtiari Province, 1998-99. Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal 2000;2(1):27-33.
Judd, M.W. The moderating effects of positive and negative automatic thoughts on the relationship between positive emotions and resilience. Electronic Thesses and Dissertations. 2016; 1363.
Choon MW, Abu Talib M, Yaacob SN, Awang H, Tan JP, Hassan S, et al. Negative automatic thoughts as a mediator of the relationship between depression and suicidal behaviour in an at‐risk sample of Malaysian adolescents. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2015;20(2):89-93.
Lewandowski RE, Verdeli H, Wickramaratne P, Warner V, Mancini A, Weissman M. Predictors of positive outcomes in offspring of depressed parents and non-depressed parents across 20 years. Journal of child and family studies. 2014;23(5):800-11.
Yang Y, Fan X-s, Tian C-h, Zhang W, Li J, Li S-q. Health status, intention to seek health examination, and participation in health education among taxi drivers in Jinan, China. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2014;16(4).
Liu B, Ren N, Yang H. Research of the relationship between occupational stress and multiple cardiovascular diseases. J Hyg Res. 2006;35:12-5.
Benyamini Y, Leventhal H, Leventhal EA. Self-rated oral health as an independent predictor of self-rated general health, self-esteem and life satisfaction. Social science & medicine. 2004;59(5):1109-16.
Gunlicks ML, Weissman MM. Change in child psychopathology with improvement in parental depression: a systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2008;47(4):379-89.
Garber J, Clarke GN, Weersing VR, Beardslee WR, Brent DA, Gladstone TR, et al. Prevention of depression in at-risk adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2009;301(21):2215-24.
McClave AK, Dube SR, Strine TW, Kroenke K, Caraballo RS, Mokdad AH. Associations between smoking cessation and anxiety and depression among US adults. Addictive Behaviors. 2009;34(6-7):491-7.
Mykletun A, Overland S, Aarø LE, Liabø H-M, Stewart R. Smoking in relation to anxiety and depression: evidence from a large population survey: the HUNT study. European Psychiatry. 2008;23(2):77-84.
Berg CJ, Wen H, Cummings JR, Ahluwalia JS, Druss BG. Depression and substance abuse and dependency in relation to current smoking status and frequency of smoking among nondaily and daily smokers. The American journal on addictions. 2013;22(6):581-9.
Mathew AR, Hogarth L, Leventhal AM, Cook JW, Hitsman B. Cigarette smoking and depression comorbidity: systematic review and proposed theoretical model. Addiction. 2017;112(3):401-12.
Harvey SB, Øverland S, Hatch SL, Wessely S, Mykletun A, Hotopf M. Exercise and the prevention of depression: results of the HUNT Cohort Study. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;175(1):28-36.
- Abstract Viewed: 152 times
- PDF Downloaded: 96 times