Archives of Advances in Biosciences

     Dietary knowledge and access to resources are critical to improve health and nutritional status in a sustainable way. The present study was conducted to assess the dietary pattern and associated intake of different essential nutrients and vitamins by adolescents in Himachal Pradesh of India. A sample of 150 adolescents in the age group of 11-19 years from the two selected blocks (Panchrukhi and Bhawarna) of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh was selected randomly to collect information on dietary habits, frequency of eating out, type of fat used for cooking, food fads and fallacies and different nutrients intake across genders. It was found that majority of the male and female adolescents took meals three times a day and preferred home prepared foods. Females were mostly vegetarian whereas males were non- vegetarian. Majority of the male and female adolescents liked fried foods compared to pressure and fire wood cooked foods. Adolescents preferred foods fried in raw mustard oil. Majority of the respondents did not have any restrictions and beliefs regarding consumption of any type of food. There was significant difference in the mean intake of different essential nutrients and vitamins between the male and female adolescents reflecting prevalence of disparity in nutritional status across genders. Intake of most of the nutrients and vitamins by male and female adolescents were below the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Indian Council of Medical Research.  

The liver is an organ at risk (OAR) in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors such as gastric, distal esophagus, lower lung and breast, bile duct, pancreas and whole abdomen. In this study the alteration in liver functional tests (LFT) of these patients during radiotherapy was investigated. To that end, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct and total bilirubin were checked out at different times (before radiotherapy and every 2 weeks after the start of radiotherapy and followed up to 2 months after the end of treatment). The results showed that LFT level increased during radiotherapy while they gradually decreased after treatment. Our results showed that the LFT serum is a very sensitive and useful biomarker for evaluation of the radiotherapy effects.

Radiation therapy is considered as one of the main methods in cancer treatment. In this method, determination of exact location and geometric properties of tumor is necessary for treatment planning that leads to increased accuracy and output of treatment and reduction of healthy tissue dose. For this purpose, the aim of the present study has been physiological transmission of Gallium as a pharmaceutical carrier which is bonded with an X-Ray opaque media for treatment of Lymphatic tumor via Smart Radiotherapy method (Photoelectron therapy). Using radiography or CT scan has provided determination of geometric features of tumor.

     In this study, production of fermented functional beverage based on the mixture of carrot, beet and apple juices using the Lactobacillus casei was carried out. Factors of consumption of reduction sugars, brix and bacterial growth were examined after fermentation and during the storage for 28 days and at 4˚C. To produce probiotic fermented mixture of Carrot, Beet and apple juices and Lactobacillus casei suspension with initial concentration of about 1.5x10⁷ , 1.5x10⁶ cfu/ml was prepared  and added to the mixture of juices  to the amount of  20, 30 and 40% , respectively. The fermentation process was completed during 48 hours and at 37 ˚C. Data analysis was conducted using the multiplied Duncan test including 6 test treatments and 1 control treatment and was repeated 3 times. During the fermentation process within all of the treatments, the number of probiotic bacteria increased due to the usage of sugar and nutrients inside the juice while sugars and brix levels decreased. The results revealed that the sample of A3B1 with concentration of 40% and 1.5x10⁶ cfu/ml of Lactobacillus casei was considered as the best treatment which had the maximum rate of cell viability during 4 weeks of storage at 4 ˚C. In the sensory evaluation that  was conducted by the examiners after the first and the forth weeks at 4˚C, control treatment had the highest score and A3B1 treatment had the lowest score with concentration of 40% and the 10⁶ cfu/ml of  probiotic bacteria.

A number of evidences suggest that during ischemic stroke, serum iron and hemoglobin (Hb) levels are changed. Yet, there are few reports in the literature related to this issue and resolution of this mechanism requires further experiments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of serum iron and hemoglobin levels as a  biomarker in diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke.  The sample size was  60 ischemic  stroke patients who were admitted to the Rouhhani hospital in Babol, with 60 healthy volunteers selected as control group. Clinical evaluation consisted of complete medical history and physical examination and neuro-imaging's  studies. Sampling strategy was  based on clinical characteristics, including age, gender, and history of diseases. Laboratory measurements were performed in the department of clinical biochemistry. Serum iron and plasma hemoglobin levels were measured by standard kit of iron and hemoglobin ELISA Kit, as of the manufactures' manual. Data were analyzed through statistical software SPSS version 22. The mean level of serum iron and hemoglobin in patients with acute ischemic stroke were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). However, there was no relation between these biomarkers and age and gender of subjects (P>0.05). Our results reinforce the possibility of serum iron and hemoglobin as biomarker in diagnosis of ischemic stroke patients.

Numerous advantages are derived from the electronic health record (EHR).Though achieving such advantages depends on its architecture, at present no unique understanding of the architecture dimensions and specifications is available. Therefore, the aim of the present study is a systematic review of architecture perception of the electronic health record. The authors searched the literature in Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Proudest Databases (2000 to Jun 2015).  Data extraction was done by 2 reviewers on content, structure, content/structure relationship, confidentiality and security of the EHR. Subsequent to refining the 87 retrieved studies, 25 studies were finally included in the study. In the studies and paradigms so far proposed for the EHR, a unique comprehensive architecture model from the viewpoint of research criteria has not been investigated and it has been considered only from some dimensions. Hence, we provide a new definition of the EHR architecture.

Various statistical methods have been proposed in terms of predicting the outcomes of facing special factors. In the classical approaches,  making the probability distribution or known probability density functions is ordinarily necessary to predict the desired outcome. However, most of the times enough information about the probability distribution of studied variables is not available to the researcher in practice. In such circumstances, we need that the predictors function well without knowing the probability distribution or probability density. It means that with the minimum assumptions, we obtain predictors with high precision.Support vector machine (SVM) is a good statistical method of prediction. The aim of this study is to compare two statistical methods, SVM and logistic regression. To that end, the data on premature infants born at Tehran Milad Hospital is collected and used.

In the last decade, along with the problem of nosocomial infections, multidrug-resistant bacteria in community and hospitals have soared. High frequencies of multidrug-resistant bacteria have been grouped under the acronym ESKAPE: Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp. The ESKAPE pathogens are responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections and capable of 'escaping' the biocidal action of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this review is to consider the clinical importance of emerging of ESKAPE pathogens in nosocomial infections to prepare feasible data about tracing and treatment of infection related to ESKAPE pathogens that may be beneficial to clinicians at the bedhead. It can be said that healthcare-associated, community-acquired, and nosocomial infections should be clearly considered annually. The awareness of residential antimicrobial resistance can support selecting a convenient empirical therapeutic diet in diseases due to ESKAPE pathogens.