Aim: This study aims to evaluate whether biochemical alterations caused by methylglyoxal (MG), improves by administration of gallic acid (GA), crocin (Cr), and metformin (MT) in the liver.
Background: MG is produced naturally through various physiological processes, but high levels of MG cause inflammation in hepatocytes. Normal liver function is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis. GA and Cr can reduce inflammation.
Methods: In this study, 50 NMRI mice were divided into 5 groups (n=10): Control, MG (600 mg/Kg/d, p.o.), MG+GA (30 mg/kg/day, p.o.), MG+Cr (60 mg/kg/day, p.o.), MG+MT (150 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Our study was conducted at five weeks. After diabetes induction (forth weeks), GA, Cr, and MT were administered. Biochemical and histologic evaluations were assessed after plasma collection and tissue samples preparation.
Results: Ga and Cr receiving groups significantly reduced FBG, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and elevate insulin sensitivity. Administration of MG exerted marked increase in the levels of hepatic enzymes. Treatment with GA, Cr, and MT significantly decreased them. Inflammatory factors increased in MG group. GA, Cr, and MT significantly improved these variables. High levels of steatosis and RBCs accumulation in MG group, markedly recovered in other treated mice.
Conclusion: Harmful effects of accumulated MG in the liver of diabetic mice can be effectively attenuated by the use of GA and Cr.