ISSN: 2008-2258
Vol 15, No 3 (2022): Summer
An update: the comparison of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia
Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench,
,
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2561
Abstract
Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) are two distinct entities that are frequently mistaken with each other, because they present with similar manifestations. This issue may cause catastrophic outcomes, since each one of them has a unique pathophysiology and thereby their management is totally different. There are clinical clues that helps the physicians to distinguish these two. Upper endoscopy and biopsy are often required to establish the diagnosis. In this review, we ought to discuss about different aspects of the both conditions and highlight the clinical evidences that may help us identify the disease and manage it appropriately.
Keywords:
- Portal hypertensive gastropathy;
- gastric antral vascular ectasia
- Upper endoscopy
How to Cite
Rajabnia, M., Hatami, B., Ketabi Moghadam, P., Mohammadi, M., Rafizadeh, M., Mangeli, F., Fathi, M., & Jahanian, A. (2022). An update: the comparison of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy and Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia. Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v15i3.2561
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3. Patwardhan V, Cardenas A. the management of portal hypertensive gastropathy and gastric antral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics. 2014;40(4):354-62.
4. Thuluvath PJ, Yoo HY. Portal hypertensive gastropathy. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2002;97(12):2973-8.
5. Berzigotti A, Seijo S, Reverter E, Bosch J. Assessing portal hypertension in liver diseases. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2013;7(2):141-55.
6. Selinger CP, Ang YS. Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE): an update on clinical presentation, pathophysiology and treatment. Digestion. 2008;77(2):131-7.
7. Gjeorgjievski M, Cappell MS. Portal hypertensive gastropathy: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy. World journal of hepatology. 2016;8(4):231.
8. Tiwari PS, Sudhamshu K, Sharma D, Paudel MS, Mandal A. Prevalence of Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy in Chronic Liver Disease and Correlation with the Severity of Liver disease. Cureus. 2019;11(8).
9. Menchén L, Ripoll C, Marín-Jiménez I, Colón A, Gómez-Camarero J, González-Asanza C, et al. Prevalence of portal hypertensive duodenopathy in cirrhosis: clinical and haemodynamic features. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2006;18(6):649-53.
10. D'Amico G, Montalbano L, Traina M, Pisa R, Menozzi M, Spanò C, et al. Natural history of congestive gastropathy in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1990;99(6):1558-64.
11. Merli M, Nicolini G, Angeloni S, Gentili F, Attili AF, Riggio O. The natural history of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with liver cirrhosis and mild portal hypertension. Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology| ACG. 2004;99(10):1959-65.
12. Cubillas R, Rockey DC. Portal hypertensive gastropathy: a review. Liver international. 2010;30(8):1094-102.
13. Alkhormi AM, Memon MY, Alqarawi A. Gastric antral vascular ectasia: a case report and literature review. Journal of translational internal medicine. 2018;6(1):47.
14. Gostout CJ, Viggiano TR, Ahlquist DA, Wang KK, Larson MV, Balm R. The clinical and endoscopic spectrum of the watermelon stomach. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 1992;15(3):256-63.
15. Bosch J, Iwakiri Y. The portal hypertension syndrome: etiology, classification, relevance, and animal models. Hepatology international. 2018;12(1):1-10.
16. De Franchis R, Primignani M. Natural history of portal hypertension in patients with cirrhosis. Clinics in liver disease. 2001;5(3):645-63.
17. García-Pagán J-C, Gracia-Sancho J, Bosch J. Functional aspects on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. Journal of hepatology. 2012;57(2):458-61.
18. Sarin SK, Sreenivas DV, Lahoti D, Saraya A. Factors influencing development of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with portal hypertension. Gastroenterology. 1992;102(3):994-9.
19. Sarin SK, Khanna R. Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Clinics in liver disease. 2014;18(2):451-76.
20. De Gottardi A, Rautou P-E, Schouten J, Rubbia-Brandt L, Leebeek F, Trebicka J, et al. Porto-sinusoidal vascular disease: proposal and description of a novel entity. The lancet Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2019;4(5):399-411.
21. Elbaz T, Esmat G. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis. Journal of advanced research. 2013;4(5):445-52.
22. Dunn MA, Kamel R. Hepatic schistosomiasis. Hepatology. 1981;1(6):653-61.
23. Schouten JN, Garcia‐Pagan JC, Valla DC, Janssen HL. Idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Hepatology. 2011;54(3):1071-81.
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