Detection and Characterization of Rotavirus G and P Types from children with acute gastroenteritis in Qom, central Iran
Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench,
,
9 December 2020
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v13i1.2233
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study is to estimate the burden of Rotavirus gastroenteritis as well as predominant genotypes of Rotavirus among children less than 5 years of age referred to Children's University Hospital in Qom, Iran.
Method: During two years, 130 patients referred to a children's hospital were enrolled in this study. After RNA extraction, Rotaviruses were detected by the VP6 gene. Then, G-typing (G1, G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12) and P-typing (P4, P6, and P8) were performed using RT-PCR and specific primers.
Results: The results of the PCR showed that from a total of 130 patients, 22 cases (16.9%) showed positive VP6 by RT-PCR.G1 was mostly the predominant serotype (27%), accounting for 22% of all VP7-positive isolates, followed by G9 (18%),G2 (9%), G3 (9%), andG4 (9%). None of the strains revealed the presence of G8 genotype (0%) and 5 specimens (23%) were non-typable.
The frequency of P typing was P8 (50%), P6 (23%), P4 (14%), and3 samples were P-non-typable (13%), respectively. The dominant of G-P combination was G1 [8] (32%).
Conclusions: Such studies base on typing methods assists in the Rotavirus vaccine introduction by policymakers and design new effective vaccines.
Keywords:
- Diarrhea, Rotavirus, Genotyping, acute gastroenteritis, vaccine, Iran
References
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41. Kargar M, Zare M, Najafi A. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains circulating among children with gastroenteritis in Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22(1):63.
2. Desselberger U. Rotaviruses. Virus Res 2014;190:75-96.
3. Crawford SE, Ramani S, Tate JE, Parashar UD, Svensson L, Hagbom M, et al. Rotavirus infection. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers. 2017;3(1):1-16.
4. Mukherjee A, Chawla-Sarkar M. Rotavirus infection: a perspective on epidemiology, genomic diversity and vaccine strategies. INDIAN J VIROL. 2011;22(1):11-23.
5. Wilhelmi I, Roman E, Sanchez-Fauquier A. Viruses causing gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9(4):247-62.
6. Giaquinto C, Van Damme P, Huet F, Gothefors L, Maxwell M, Todd P, et al. Clinical consequences of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis in Europe, 2004–2005: the REVEAL study. J Infect Dis. 2007;195.
7. Ozsari T, Bora G, Kaya B, Yakut K. The prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus in the childhood gastroenteritis. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016;9(6).
8. Pesavento J, Crawford S, Estes M, Prasad BV. Rotavirus proteins: structure and assembly. Reoviruses: Entry, Assembly and Morphogenesis: Springer; 2006. p. 189-219.
9. Nasab SDM, Sabahi F, Makvandi M, Samiee SM, Nadji SA, Ravanshad M. Epidemiology of rotavirus-norovirus co-infection and determination of norovirus genogrouping among children with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. Iran Biomed J. 2016;20(5):280-6.
10. Hu L, Crawford SE, Hyser JM, Estes MK, Prasad BV. Rotavirus non-structural proteins: structure and function. Curr Opin Virol. 2012;2(4):380-8.
11. Nirwati H, Wibawa T, Aman AT, Soenarto Y. Genotyping of rotavirus by using RT-PCR methods. Indones J Biotechnol. 2013;18(1):8-13.
12. Burnett E, Parashar U, Tate J. Rotavirus vaccines: Effectiveness, safety, and future directions. Paediatr Drugs. 2018:1-11.
13. Troeger C, Blacker BF, Khalil IA, Rao PC, Cao SJ, Zimsen SRM, et al. Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoea in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(11):1211-28..
14. Troeger C, Khalil IA, Rao PC, Cao SJ, Blacker BF, Ahmed T, et al. Rotavirus Vaccination and the Global Burden of Rotavirus Diarrhea Among Children Younger Than 5 Years. Jama Pediatrics. 2018;172(10):958-65.
15. Jalilvand S, Roohvand F, Arashkia A, Shoja Z. Update on epidemiology and circulating genotypes of rotavirus in Iranian children with severe diarrhea: 1986-2015. Int J Travel Med Glob Health. 2018;6(1):7-10.
16. Burnett E, Jonesteller CL, Tate JE, Yen C, Parashar UD. Global impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood hospitalizations and mortality from diarrhea. J. Infect. Dis 2017;215(11):1666-72.
17. Sindhu KNC, Babji S, Ganesan SK. Impact of rotavirus vaccines in low and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(5):473-81.
18. Organization WH. Manual of rotavirus detection and characterization methods. 2009.
19. Monavari SHR, Hadifar S, Mostafaei S, Miri A, Keshavarz M, Babaei F, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus in the Iranian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2017;9(2):66.
20. Franco MA, Angel J, Greenberg HB. Immunity and correlates of protection for rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine. 2006;24(15):2718-31.
21. Moradi-Lakeh M, Shakerian S, Yaghoubi M, Esteghamati A, Shokraneh F, Baradaran H-R, et al. Rotavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(10):1213.
22. Moghim S, Manesh SA, Hosseini NS, Azadani HN. Frequency of Rotavirus in Children under Three Years of Age with Gastroenteritis. Majallahi Danishkadahi Pizishkii Isfahan. 2012;30(210).
23. Hassanzadeh P, Al-e-Yasin F. The prevalence of bacterial and viral agents in fecal specimens of children in Shiraz. J. Kerman Univ. Medical Sci. 2001;8(1).
24. Allayeh A, El Baz RM, Saeed NM, Osman ME. Detection and Genotyping of Viral Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children Below Five Years Old in Cairo, Egypt. Arch Pediatr Infect Dis. 2018;6(3).
25. De Wit M, Koopmans M, Van der Blij J, Van Duynhoven Y. Hospital admissions for rotavirus infection in the Netherlands. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2000;31(3):698-704.
26. Azaran A, Makvandi M, Samarbafzadeh A, Neisi N, Hoseinzadeh M, Rasti M, et al. Study on Rotavirus Infection and Its Genotyping in Children Below 5 Years in South West Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2016;26.
27. Farahtaj F, Gallimore CI, Iturriza-Gomara M, Taremi M, Zali M, Edalatkhah H, et al. Rotavirus VP7, VP4 and VP6 genotypes co-circulating in Tehran, Iran, between 2003 and 2004. Epidemiol. Infect. 2007;135(5):834-8.
28. Intamaso U, Poomipak W, Chutoam P, Chotchuang P, Sunkkham W, Srisopha S. Genotype distribution and phylogenetic analysis of rotaviruses in Thailand and emergence of uncommon genotypes. Arch Clin Microbiol. 2017;8(4):60-70.
29. Moradi A, Tabarrae A, Roshandel G, Ghaemi E, Bazoori M. Rotavirus infection in under 6 years old children with acute diarrhea in Gorgan, Iran. Iran J Infect Dis Trop Med. 2010;15(48):55-9.
30. Eesteghamati A, Gouya M, Keshtkar A, Najafi L, Zali M, Sanaei M, et al. Sentinel hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea in iran. J. Infect. Dis. 2009;200.
31. Kheyami AM, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O, Dove W, Hart CA, Cunliffe NA. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children in Saudi Arabia: first detection of G9 and G12 strains. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2008;46(4):1185-91.
32. Jere K, Sawyerr T, Seheri L, Peenze I, Page N, Geyer A, et al. A first report on the characterization of rotavirus strains in Sierra Leone. J Med Virol. 2011;83(3):540-50.
33. Wang YH, Kobayashi N, Zhou X, Nagashima S, Zhu ZR, Peng JS, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of rotaviruses with predominant G3 and emerging G9 genotypes from adults and children in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2009;81(2):382-9.
34. Meral M, Bozdayı G, Ozkan S, Dalgıç B, Alp G, Ahmed K. Rotavirus prevalence in children with acute gastroenteritis and the distribution of serotypes and electropherotypes. MIKROBIYOL BUL. 2011;45(1):104-12.
35. Benhafid M, Youbi M, Klena JD, Gentsch JR, Teleb N, Widdowson M-A, et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children< 5 years of age in Morocco during 1 year of sentinel hospital surveillance, June 2006–May 2007. J. Infect. Dis. 2009;200.
36. Linhares A, Verstraeten T, Wolleswinkel-van den Bosch J, Clemens R, Breuer T. Rotavirus serotype G9 is associated with more-severe disease in Latin America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2006;43(3):312-4.
37. Banyai K, Bogdan A, Kisfali P, Molnar P, Mihaly I, Melegh B, et al. Emergence of serotype G12 rotaviruses, Hungary. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(6):916-9.
38. Velázquez RF, Linhares AC, Muñoz S, Seron P, Lorca P, DeAntonio R, et al. Efficacy, safety and effectiveness of licensed rotavirus vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis for Latin America and the Caribbean. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):14.
39. Mousavi-Nasab SD, Sabahi F, Kaghazian H, Paryan M, Mirab Samiee S, Ghaderi M, et al. A Real-Time RT-PCR Assay for Genotyping of Rotavirus. Iran Biomed J. 2020;24(6):399-404.
40. Lorestani N, Moradi A, Teimoori A, Masodi M, Khanizadeh S, Hassanpour M, et al. Molecular and serologic characterization of rotavirus from children with acute gastroenteritis in northern Iran, Gorgan. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019;19(1):100.
41. Kargar M, Zare M, Najafi A. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus strains circulating among children with gastroenteritis in Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2012;22(1):63.
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