Prevalence of astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus infections among Iranian children with acute gastroenteritis
Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench,
Vol. 13 No. Supplement 1 (2020),
9 December 2020
,
Page S112-S127
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v13i1.2229
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Human Astroviruses (HAstVs), enteric Adenoviruses (HAdVs), and Sapoviruses (SaVs) in acute diarrhea patients, as well as their relation to age, sex, and season.
Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases affecting children <5 years old and viral agents with approximately >75% are the major causative agent of acute infectious diarrhea. After Rotavirus and Norovirus, the greater viral agents of acute gastroenteritis include HAstVs, HAdVs, and SaVs. To the best of our knowledge, there are sparse studies in Iran detecting at least three enteric viruses as causative agents of diarrhea simultaneously.
Methods: The sample was collected from children referring to pediatric medical centers in Tehran, Iran; they were tested for Astrovirus, enteric Adenovirus, and Sapovirus by conventional PCR method. The association of incidence of viral enteric agents was evaluated with age, sex and seasonal pattern in children <5 years old.
Results: The positive case number among acute gastroenteritis patients was 17/120 (14.1%). Patients ranged in age within 1–60 months, but 52.9% were aged ≤ 12 months. Males comprised the majority (70.6), and the male: female ratio was 2.4. HAstV was the most frequently detected virus (6.7%), while SaVs were detected only in 2.5% of cases. Mixed infections were not detected in these samples. The highest rate of HAstV was identified in winter (66.7%), HAdV in fall (66.7%), and SaV in winter (33.3%).
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the epidemiology of HAstV, HAdV, and SaV as causative agents of viral diarrhea infections.
Keywords: Gastroenteritis virus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus, Sapovirus, Polymerase chain reaction.
(Please cite as: Mousavi Nasab SD, Zali F, Kaghazian H, Aghasadeghi MR, Mardani R, Gachkar L, et al. Prevalence of astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus infections among Iranian children with acute gastroenteritis. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2020;13(Suppl.1):S122-S127).
- Gastroenteritis Virus, Astrovirus, Adenovirus, Sapovirus, Polymerase Chain Reaction
How to Cite
References
Bicer S, Col D, Erdag GC, Giray T, Gurol Y, Yilmaz G, et al. A retrospective analysis of acute gastroenteritis agents in children admitted to a university hospital pediatric emergency unit. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014;7.
Alizadeh AH, Ranjbar M, Ansari S, MirArab A, Alavian SM, Mohammad K, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B in Nahavand, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J 2006;12:528-37.
Chen CJ, Wu FT, Huang YC, Chang WC, Wu HS, Wu CY, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of severe viral gastroenteritis in children: a 3-year surveillance, multicentered study in Taiwan with partial rotavirus immunization. Medicine 2015;94.
Oude Munnink BB, Van der Hoek L. Viruses causing gastroenteritis: the known, the new and those beyond. Viruses 2016;8:42.
Liu L, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Deng J, Jia L, Dong H. Adenoviruses associated with acute diarrhea in children in Beijing, China. PloS One 2014;9.
Motamedifar M, Amini E, Shirazi PT. Frequency of rotavirus and adenovirus gastroenteritis among children in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013;15:729.
Olortegui MP, Rouhani S, Yori PP, Salas MS, Trigoso DR, Mondal D, et al. Astrovirus infection and diarrhea in 8 countries. Pediatrics 2018;141:e20171326.
Vu D-L, Sabrià A, Aregall N, Michl K, Rodriguez Garrido V, Goterris L, et al. Novel Human Astroviruses: Prevalence and Association with Common Enteric Viruses in Undiagnosed Gastroenteritis Cases in Spain. Viruses 2019;11:585.
Kim JS, Lee WJ, Lee SK, Lee EJ, Hyun J, Kim HS, et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Human Astrovirus in Stool Samples From Patients With Acute Gastroenteritis in Korea, 2013–2017. Ann Lab Med 2019;39:367-72.
Tseng WC, Wu FT, Hsiung CA, Chang WC, Wu HS, Wu CY, et al. Astrovirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children of less than 5 years of age in Taiwan, 2009. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2012;45:311-7.
Oka T, Wang Q, Katayama K, Saif LJ. Comprehensive review of human sapoviruses. Clini Microbiol Rev 2015;28:32-53.
Page N, Groome MJ, Murray T, Nadan S, Netshikweta R, Keddy KH, et al. Sapovirus prevalence in children less than five years of age hospitalised for diarrhoeal disease in South Africa, 2009–2013. J Clin Virol 2016;78:82-8.
Pitkänen O, Vesikari T, Hemming-Harlo M. The role of the sapovirus infection increased in gastroenteritis after national immunisation was introduced. Acta Paediatr 2019;108:1338-44.
Khamrin P, Okame M, Thongprachum A, Nantachit N, Nishimura S, Okitsu S, et al. A single-tube multiplex PCR for rapid detection in feces of 10 viruses causing diarrhea. J virol methods 2011;173:390-3.
Goudarzi M, Goudarzi H, Alebouyeh M, Azimi Rad M, Shayegan Mehr FS, Zali MR, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clostridium difficile clinical isolates in iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2013;15:704-11.
Rohayem J, Berger S, Juretzek T, Herchenroder O, Mogel M, Poppe M, et al. A simple and rapid single-step multiplex RT-PCR to detect Norovirus, Astrovirus and Adenovirus in clinical stool samples. J Virol Methods 2004;118:49-59.
Zaraket H, Abou-El-Hassan H, Kreidieh K, Soudani N, Ali Z, Hammadi M, et al. Characterization of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis in hospitalized children under five years of age. Infect Genet Evol 2017;53:94-9.
Ayolabi C, Ojo D, Akpan I. Astrovirus infection in children in Lagos, Nigeria. Afr J Infect Dis 2012;6:1-4.
AlAyed MSZ, Asaad AM, Mahdi AA, Qureshi MA. Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. J Health Spec 2013;1:84.
Brändel SD, Tschapka M, Page R, Rasche A, Corman VM, Drosten C, et al. Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats. ISME J 2018;12:2883.
Nadan S, Taylor MB, Groome MJ, Cohen C, Madhi SA, Page NA. Epidemiology of human astroviruses among children younger than 5 years: Prospective hospital‐based sentinel surveillance in South Africa, 2009-2014. J Med Virol 2019;91:225-34.
Sanaei Dashti A, Ghahremani P, Hashempoor T, Karimi A. Molecular epidemiology of enteric adenovirus gastroenteritis in under-five-year-old children in Iran. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016;2016.
Yassin BAG, Ali SHM, Abu Al-ess HQM, Mohammed KIA, Al-Timimi MF, Al-Janabi MKW, et al. A Trend of Seasonality of Enteric Adenoviral Gastroenteritis in Pediatric Patients Less than Five Years from Baghdad. J Res Med Dent Sci 2018;6:18-23.
Arashkia A, Bahrami F, Farsi M, Nejati B, Jalilvand S, Nateghian A, et al. Molecular analysis of human adenoviruses in hospitalized children< 5 years old with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. J Med Virol 2019;91:1930-6.
Rezaei M, Sohrabi A, Edalat R, Siadat SD, Gomari H, Rezaei M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis caused by subgenus F (40, 41) enteric adenoviruses in inpatient children. Lab Med 2012; 43:10-5
Romani S, Azimzadeh P, Mohebbi SR, Bozorgi SM, Zali N, Jadali F. Prevalence of sapovirus infection among infant and adult patients with acute gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2012;5:43.
van Maarseveen NM, Wessels E, de Brouwer CS, Vossen AC, Claas EC. Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis by simultaneous detection of Adenovirus group F, Astrovirus, Rotavirus group A, Norovirus genogroups I and II, and Sapovirus in two internally controlled multiplex real-time PCR assays. J Clin Virol 2010; 49:205-10.
Varela MF, Rivadulla E, Lema A, Romalde JL. Human sapovirus among outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Spain: A one-year study. Viruses 2019;11:144.
Oka T, Wang Q, Katayama K, Saif LJ. Comprehensive review of human sapoviruses. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015;28:32-53.
Gaufin T, Tobin NH, Aldrovandi GM. The importance of the microbiome in pediatrics and pediatric infectious diseases. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018;30:117.
- Abstract Viewed: 17 times
- PDF Downloaded: 9 times