Assessment of Liver Cancer Biomarkers
Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench,
,
9 December 2020
https://doi.org/10.22037/ghfbb.v13i1.2221
Abstract
Background. Liver cancer is third cause of cancer related deaths in the world. Liver cancer primarily divides into two main types, which are hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) and cholangiocarcinoma (IC). Due to the increasing number of patients with liver cancer and the high mortality rate in this disease, early diagnosis of the disease can be helpful in treatment, unfortunately most patients are diagnosed with late stages of HC.
Aim. The aim of this study is to screen and provide overview on candidate biomarkers related to primary liver cancer to introduce the critical ones.
Methods. In this study, various biomarkers related to the diagnosis of primary liver cancer have been studied from different researches. According to existing researches, biomarkers divided into different groups as blood biomarkers which classified as serum and plasma biomarkers, tissue biomarkers, microRNA biomarkers, proteomic biomarkers and altered genes in this regard.
Results. Previous researches have focused on liver cells and bile ducts, the surround cellular environment, how cells differentiate, and some other research have focused on the types of genes expressed in liver cancer. The searches for the origin of tumor cells and how they differentiate and develop were also between these studies. In all of these studies, the expression of specific proteins and genes in liver cancer has been considered.
Conclusion. According to the available sources , summarizing and concluding in this direction, we introduce biomarkers can be considered as candidates to diagnose and prognosis of different types of primary liver cancer, from different sources as blood, tissue, mic-RNA, proteom, and genes. However more investigations required to introduce a biomarker for precise detection of early liver cancer.
Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Biomarker, diagnosis, prognosis , proteomics
Keywords:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma, Biomarker, diagnosis, prognosis , proteomics
References
Hepatocellular carcinoma, Biomarker, diagnosis, prognosis , proteomics
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2. Yang JD, Roberts LR. Hepatocellular carcinoma: a global view. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology. 2010;7(8):448.
3. Karagozian R, Derdák Z, Baffy G. Obesity-associated mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Metabolism. 2014;63(5):607-17.
4. Llovet JM, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, Hilgard P, Gane E, Blanc J-F, et al. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. New England journal of medicine. 2008;359(4):378-90.
5. Llovet JM, Hernandez-Gea V. Hepatocellular carcinoma: reasons for phase III failure and novel perspectives on trial design. Clinical cancer research. 2014;20(8):2072-9.
6. Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault J-C, Llovet JM. Genetic landscape and biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(5):1226-39. e4.
7. Torrecilla S, Sia D, Harrington AN, Zhang Z, Cabellos L, Cornella H, et al. Trunk mutational events present minimal intra-and inter-tumoral heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2017;67(6):1222-31.
8. Chan L-K, Ng IO-L. Proteomic profiling in liver cancer: another new page. Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2019;4.
9. Lee SC, Tan HT, Chung MCM. Prognostic biomarkers for prediction of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and future prospects. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2014;20(12):3112.
10. Jiang Y, Sun A, Zhao Y, Ying W, Sun H, Yang X, et al. Proteomics identifies new therapeutic targets of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature. 2019;567(7747):257-61.
11. Bray F. Ferlay j, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA and jemal A: Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:394-424.
12. Gera S, Ettel M, Acosta-Gonzalez G, Xu R. Clinical features, histology, and histogenesis of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma. World journal of hepatology. 2017;9(6):300.
13. Saffroy R, Pham P, Reffas M, Takka M, Lemoine A, Debuire B. New perspectives and strategy research biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2007;45(9):1169-79.
14. Zhou Y-M, Yang J-M, Li B, Yin Z-F, Xu F, Wang B, et al. Clinicopathologic characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with positive serum a-fetoprotein. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG. 2008;14(14):2251.
15. Yin X, Zhang B-H, Qiu S-J, Ren Z-G, Zhou J, Chen X-H, et al. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19(9):2869-76.
16. Yamashita T, Forgues M, Wang W, Kim JW, Ye Q, Jia H, et al. EpCAM and α-fetoprotein expression defines novel prognostic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2008;68(5):1451-61.
17. Li R, Yang D, Tang C-L, Cai P, Ma K-s, Ding S-Y, et al. Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (biphenotypic) tumors: clinical characteristics, imaging features of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computed tomography. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):158.
18. Bertino G, Ardiri A, Malaguarnera M, Malaguarnera G, Bertino N, Calvagno GS, editors. Hepatocellualar carcinoma serum markers. Semin Oncol; 2012: Elsevier.
19. Tamura Y, Igarashi M, Kawai H, Suda T, Satomura S, Aoyagi Y. Clinical advantage of highly sensitive on-chip immunoassay for fucosylated fraction of alpha-fetoprotein in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2010;55(12):3576-83.
20. Choi J, Kim GA, Han S, Lee W, Chun S, Lim YS. Longitudinal assessment of three serum biomarkers to detect very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2019;69(5):1983-94.
21. Hagiwara S, Kudo M, Kawasaki T, Nagashima M, Minami Y, Chung H, et al. Prognostic factors for portal venous invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41(12):1214-9.
22. Hu B, Tian X, Sun J, Meng X. Evaluation of individual and combined applications of serum biomarkers for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2013;14(12):23559-80.
23. Song P, Tobe RG, Inagaki Y, Kokudo N, Hasegawa K, Sugawara Y, et al. The management of hepatocellular carcinoma around the world: a comparison of guidelines from 2001 to 2011. Liver International. 2012;32(7):1053-63.
24. Zhang Y-S, Chu J-H, Cui S-X, Song Z-Y, Qu X-J. Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) as a potential autologous growth factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;34(3):903-15.
25. Chen J, Wu G, Li Y. Evaluation of serum des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Dis Markers. 2018;2018.
26. Masuzaki R, Karp SJ, Omata M, editors. New serum markers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Oncol; 2012: Elsevier.
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