Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

 

It is estimated that 80-90 % of breastfeeding women experience some nipple injury and soreness, with 26% progressing to cracking and extreme nipple pain that could lead to breastfeed failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Calendit –E cream and expressed of breast milk in the treatment of nipple crack.

Materials and methods:

 

 

This study is a single blind randomized clinical trial. 82 breastfeeding women with age older than 18, who suffered from nipple crack were included in the study . After explaining methods of the study and obtaining written consent, the samples randomly assigned into two groups: Calendit -E cream and expressed breast milk and they were treated for one week. The correct method of breastfeeding and using of cream or mother’s milk were instructed to both groups. The nipple crack scores were measured and recorded by the researcher before treatment and third and seventh days of the study. A questionnaire was used for collecting demographic data, the severity of crack was measured by observing the nipple using Storr score check list , and evaluation form of breastfeeding. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and t-test, paired t-test, chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and repeated measurement tests.

Finding:

 

 

The statistical tests showed the severity of crack between the two groups, before the study was highly homogeneous the severity of cracks reduced on the third day with no significant difference between two groups (P = 0.2). But in the seventh day this decrease was more significant

in the Calendit-E group (p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

 

 

Calendit -E cream is more effective than expressed breast milk on the nipple crack’s treatment.

Key Words:

 

Calendit-E cream, Expressed breast milk, Nipple crack, Breastfeeding mother

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

 

Job satisfaction and its effective factors is an important issue in prodctivity improvement.The main purpose of this study is evaluation of Job satisfaction and its effective factors in three teaching hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences.

Materials and Methods:

 

 

In this cross sectional study, 100 nurses in three general hospitals were questioned ragarding Brayfield-Rothe job satiafactin questionare. Finnaly demographic and

professional data as well as responses to questionair were analysed according to level of satisfaction and its effective factors.

Findings:

 

 

Ninty nurses were answerd to questionair (78.9% female). The mean age of respondents was 28.8 ± 4.9 years. The mean level of job satisfaction was 54.6 ± 12.1 based on Brayfield-Rothe

criterias. There is a direct relationship between job satisfaction and monthly income.

Conclusion:

 

 

64% of emergency nurses had job satisfaction based on Brayfield-Rothe criterias. It seems that income satisfaction in compare with other effective factors play a significant role in job

satisfaction

Key words:

 

Job satisfaction, nursing service, emergency department.

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

 

Nurses in their work settings are exposed to pain,suffer and death of their patients which may affect their health status and emotional reactions . This study aimed to compare ICU and general wards’ nurses health status and emotional reactions .

Method and materials.

 

 

This is a descriptive- cross sectional study which was performed on 103 intensive care unit nurses and 210 nurses in general wards in two of Baqhiatalah (a.j) university hospitals in 2010. The sample of the study was selected by systematic random sampling method’. Data were collected by GHQ12 &DASS21 questionnaires to evaluate emotional reactions and general health status of nurses. Data were analyzed by SPSS15 software descriptive analytical statistics such as chi-square tests.

Results:

 

 

On average, 33% of nurses in the study had stress 33.9%, anxiety and 30.8% depression range of mild to very severe and showed that only was more depression in the intensive care units nursing (P <0.05).Although About 30% of nurses general health are not desirable in terms and the

difference was not statistically significant in two groups of nurses studied.

Conclusion:

 

 

The results demonstrated that approximately ⅓ of both groups intensive care units

and other wards nurses had general health are not desirable in terms and at least one of emotional reactions (stress, anxiety or depression) even was more depression in the intensive care units nursing. Given the importance of nursing due and patient care, Management measures to assess and control factors to this problem is necessary.

Keywords:

 

general health, emotional reactions, nurse, intensive care units

Abstract

Introduction:

 

 

From the view point of holistic nursing, human body is multi-dimensional and while he has the cognitive, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions; the spiritual dimension is superior to others. Greater the spiritual health of nursing students increases, they will be better able to care for patients, so we did this study for evaluation of spiritual health among nursing students.

Materials and Methods:

 

 

In a descriptive- correlation study and according to the view of Islam, a questionnaire about spiritual health that consists of the following sections: demographic information, the belief system, mentality dimension, the morality system and lifestyle, respectively is distributed between 100 nursing students using simple random selection. The collected responds are analyzed by the SPSS software and the results of spiritual health are divided into four levels from low to high level.

Results:

 

 

61% of the samples were male. None of them scored low level. 4%, 53% and 43% of the samples achieved the levels of low-moderate, moderate to high and high-level, respectively. The

results showed significant relationship between spiritual health aspects with age and sex.

Conclusion:

 

 

We didn’t find any statistical relationship between the spiritual health and the semester;

so, it seems that education has no effect on the spiritual health of college students. Hence, to promote the spiritual health of college students, we suggest adding a course about the spiritual health at four-year program of nursing education content.

Keyword:

 

Spiritual Health, College, Students, Nursing, Islam

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

Objective Structured Clinical/Practical Examination (OSCE/OSPE) is a well known evaluation method in medicaleducation. Lack of research in the evaluation of clinical/practical

skills in basic sceinces was the justification for the present study to investigate the reliability and validity of OSCE/OSPE in the evaluation of biochemical lab skills of the first year nursing students.

Materials and methods:

 

This is an applied descriptive study. This study was carried out on 31 first year nursing students. At first the checklists were reviewd by the panel of experts, to implement their revisions and recommendations. According to research objectives 10 stations were designed. In each station two examiners separetely completed the checklists during a three days period (after 72 hours).The first day, the tests were given in 5 stations, the second day also in 5 other stations, and the third day the skills of the previous days were repeated in 10 stations.To check the content validity the checklists along with research objectives were given to 4 experts in the field. Criterion

related validity, internal consistency, examiners reliability, and test- retest were checked.

Findings:

 

The findings showed a direct correlation between the total score gained in OSCE /OSPE and the scores from biochemical written test but it was not significant in terms of statistics, for the first observer calculated correlation was r =0.107, p=0.567 and for the second observer r =0.201, p=0.277. To find out the internal consistency, the correlation between the total score in OSCE/OSPE and the students’ average score

in each station were examined. There was a significant correlation among total score and scores of nificant in 8 stations, but there was no significant correlation between the scores of two stations and the total score of the test in two other stations. A significant correlation between the results of the OSCE/OSPE by two examiners was obtained (r =0.859, p<0.001). In test re- test reliability, there was a significant correlation for the first examiner on the first and third day (r =0.681, p<0.001) also a significant correlation was found between the scores of the second examiner on the first and third day (r =0.671, p<0.001). In regards to Cronbach’s Alpha coefficent (= 0.907) the reliability of the designed research test was verified.

Conclusion:

 

Using the OSCE/OSPE as a valid and reliable method is recommended in assessing biochemistry laboratory skills.

Keywords:

 

OSCE/OSPE, Biochemistry Laboratory, Validity, Reliability

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

 

Pain is a complex phenomenon, which in the past were easily overlooked in infants. Pain relief is a basic need and rights of all human beings. The most obvious and most effective strategy for reducing neonatal pain and painful process of restricting the use of drugs and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of being in mother’s hug on neonates’ pain during immunization

Materials and methods:

 

 

Mothers of 60 infants 2 to 4 months of your infant for vaccination were brought to health centers were invited to cooperate in the investigation. Samples were available. Infants were randomly divided into two groups of mothers and infants in arms control were. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire; Modified Behavioral Pain Scale. Data

analysis using descriptive and inferential analyzes were conducted.

Results:

 

 

There were significant differences in Behavioral Pain Scores of two groups include: facial

expression, cry, and movements (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

 

 

Findings regarding severity of pain in infants in the control group compared to the intervention group, Shows that Parents can be fed in order to reduce pain during painful procedures using safe and simple way to encourage.

Key Words:

 

Pain, Immunization, Neonate

Abstract

Introduction:

 

 

Because of the necessity for more and different follow-ups in children with developmental disorders in the early years of lifetime, determination of effective factors during pregnancy is important in any society. This study was performed to reveal a correlation of anemia in mothers during childbirth with developmental status of 12-month infants.

Materials and Methods:

 

 

This study was performed through designing descriptive correlation on 250 mothers and their 12-month infants who visited to health services centers affiliated to Qazvin

University of Medical Sciences and Health-Treatment Services in 1390 in multistage sampling method. Data collection tool included informational forms, Ages and Stages Questionnaire, as well as infant anthropometric measurements were taken by the researcher with the meter and scale. Thereafter, the data was statistically analyzed with Software SPSS16 and Chi-square, Independent T, Mann-Whitney and Logistic regression tests.

Results:

 

 

The results showed that the average age of mothers in developmental delay group was 28.39±5.17and in natural developmental group was 27.68±5.15. The most frequency of mothers had primary school education and homemaker. 66.7% out of all infants in anemic group and 55% in non-anemic group are boys. Prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in the studied society was 12%

and prevalence of developmental delay of children was 22.4%.

Anemia had a significant correlation with developmental status of infants and its communicational domain (p<0.05). In the logistics model, hemoglobin showed significant correlation with

developmental status of infants (p=0.02 and OR=0.31). Also the male gender had a value close to

significance level (p=0.55 and OR=0.052). Other variables had no correlations.

 

Conclusion:

 

 

There is probability that occurrence of infants’ developmental delay is as a result of anemia because iron is necessary for development of central nervous system.

Keywords:

 

Anemia, Ages and Stage Questionnaire, Developmental dela

Abstract

Background hospitalization anxiety in school age is high risk for behavior and psychology health and cause negative effects on growth and development , also cause physiological parameters changing and retards recovery. Attention to increased rate of school age hospitalization and negative effecs in anxiety and physiological parameters changing , this study implement to survey effects of slow stroke back massage in physiological parameters in children.

Method:

 

 

This study was an experimental study. 80 school age girls selected with sequential sampling and divided randomly in two groups (40 massage group and 40 control group). The tools of research were demographic questionnaire , Sphygmomanometer and Stethoscope that content validity and reliability were determined. In intervention group, back stroke massage implemented by researcher for 3 days (second to forth days). Sessions of massage last 15 to 20 minutes for 3 times a day. In second to fourth days of hospitalization daily before sleeping ( totally 3 periods) and before and after of the three day period of hospitalization (morning of second and fifth days)

determined physiologic parameters in two groups.

Results:

 

 

Results showed between differences mean of pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in second to fifth days in two groups been significant reduction difference (p<0/05). But differences mean of breathing in two groups in second to fifth days did ń t show significant difference statically

(p>0/05).

Conclusion:

 

 

Result show massage effects on reduction significant differences in pulse and blood pressure in three day period and also massage daily in second to fifth days cause reduction significant difference in diastolic blood pressure.

Key word:

 

stroking massage, physiological parameters, school age children

Abstract

Introduction:

 

 

Airway management capabilities, is critical skills for safe anesthesia .Difficult or

failed airway management, is a major cause of accidents and deaths related to anesthesia. Given that survival depends on maintaining his airway management, is necessary for a physician who is fully aware of all its aspects. The aim of this study is to investigate of factors related to endotracheal intubation was performed correctly.

Materials and Methods:

 

 

In a descriptive study 104 medical students were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires. Data analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-

Wallis, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.

Findings:

 

 

Of 104 samples39.4 % were males.َMean age was 23.62 ± 1.19.Skills of intubation in 53.8% of samples were moderate, in 5.8 % were excellent. Overall 65.4 % of individuals after learning intubation in the operating room, said that the previous drill -down on average model was effective. Main reasons for the failure of endotracheal intubation were fear of harm to patients intubated (mean score 4.29 of 5), distrust of teachers and anesthesiologist toward the students (4.23) and stress and anxiety in the operating room (4.21), and Low theoretical information (3.94). There was not any Significant association between students’ scores in evaluating teacher in education of intubation, assessment score of training the model and academic years of student .There was a significant relationship between academic years student and fear of harm to the patient during

intubation (p<0.02).

Conclusion:

 

 

Fear of harm to patients intubated, distrust of teachers and anesthesiologist toward the students and stress and anxiety in the operating room were most important factors affect the success of endotracheal intubation in the operating room.

Keywords:

 

Endotracheal intubation, Medical students, Perspective

Abstract

Background and aim:

 

 

The maternity blues is the most common postnatal mood disturbance.The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of kangaroo mother care on maternity blues

Material and Methods.

 

 

A clinical trial was conducted to assess the effect of kangaroo mother care on maternity blues. The sample of the study consisted of 96 pregnant women with gestational age 37 -42 weeks, which were assigned to intervention and control groups. The mothers in intervention group provided kangaroo care for 10 consecutive days. Data were collected by Beck depression scale, General Helth Qustioner, , Stein's Blues Scale Vinfild and Tighmen’s social support scale and

Peghle’s adverse life events scle . Maternal blues was measured at the 1st -3rd -5th and 10th days during the study. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software.

Findings:

 

 

Results of the study showed higher scores of maternal blues in the control group. There was a significant diference between the maternal blues scores of the intervention and control group at 3rd ,5th and 10th days of the study( P<o.o5). The results showed a significant correlation

between the numbers and durations of kangaroo care and maternal blues scale. The results suggest the positive effect of kangaroo mother care on reducing the post -partum blues among mothers .

Conclusion:

 

 

This study shows the positive effect of kangaroo mother care on maternal blues

Key words:

 

 

maternal blues-skin to skin contact- Kangaroo mother care