Archives of Advances in Biosciences

Feline Mammary Carcinomas as a Model for Human Breast Cancer: A Case-series Study

2023-05-27T10:14:27+00:00

Introduction: Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is the third most common cancer in cats. Diagnosis of mammary gland tumors (MGTs) increases every year; this might be due to the rise in occurrence or improvements in methods of detecting MGTs. Determinants associated withtheir occurrence are studied in the present paper.

Materials and Methods: In this case-series study, 40 queens with FMC were referred to the determined major veterinary hospitals of Tehran for treatment between 2020 and 2022; their mammary carcinoma had been confirmed by the attended pathologist. Different parameters including age of cancer diagnosis, breed, reproductive status, BCS, diet type, parity, tumor size, multiple tumors, ER and PR status, location and type of treatment were recorded on the day of presentation using a checklist.

Results: Domestic short hairs were overrepresented. Also, queens with old age (more than 9 years old), homemade diet, sexually intact status, no parity, obesity, ER and PR positivity had higher frequency towards developing FMC. Imbalanced homemade diet energy is a speculated cause.

Conclusion: Humans and their companion animals share the same environment, thus being exposed to the same environmental risks. Although canine mammary tumors have been the focus of human breast cancer (HBC) modeling, this study also aimed to compare current feline mammary carcinoma determinants with previously defined human breast cancer determinants to produce a model. Based on the results of this study, we concluded that FMCs are a proper model to study HBC.

Evaluation of Lipid Profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio and Lpa and its Relationship with Cognitive Disorders in the Older Adults: Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study

2023-05-27T10:10:39+00:00

Introduction: Accurate and timely diagnosis of mild cognitive disorders is essential to prevent their progression to dementia. This study aimed to determine the relationship among the serum levels of lipid markers of cognitive disorders in older adults in Birjand.

Materials and Methods: The community-based cohort study was performed on 1400 older adults population (60 years and older) living in urban and rural areas of Birjand, among whom 242 older adults were selected by multi-stage random sampling; the Mini-Mental State Examination Cognitive Disorders Questionnaire was completed, and five cc of blood samples were taken to assess Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a, Apo lipoprotein A, and Apo lipoprotein B.

Results: The mean age of participants was 70.6± 6.96 years. 55.4% were women. The level of MMSE was significantly different based on the demographic information. Mean serum levels of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a, were not significantly different from MMSE.

Conclusion: The study showed a significant relationship between demographic information and MMSE level, so it can be used to improve the cognitive level of older adults by changing their life situation, marital status, and education. However, the parameters of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a are not used to diagnose cognitive disorders in older adults.

Long Non-coding RNAs Including IRF1-AS1, LINC01871, TRG-AS1, and USP30-AS as Tumor Suppressors in Colorectal Cancer: In Silico Analysis

2023-05-27T10:08:26+00:00

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in the world with a high mortality rate, making screening and early detection of the condition essential. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a significant role in the initiation and advancement of numerous malignancies, including CRC, by taking part in the control of gene and protein expression that affects apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immunological responses. In this study, through bioinformatics methods, we investigated this non-coding group in CRC and the normal group in both early and advanced stages of the disease.

Materials and Methods: In order to identify the lncRNAs that could have a tumor-suppressing role in CRC, RNA sequencing data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. Then, the Pearson correlation test was applied between the expression level of candidate lncRNAs and all genes expressed for identifying potential pathway. Genes with the highest correlation were selected and subjected to gene enrichment analysis. Also, the roles of identified lncRNAs were evaluated in terms of biomarkers.

Results: The results of the expression analysis for the TCGA data showed that the expression of the IRF1-AS1, LINC01871, TRG-AS1, and USP30-AS decreased during the progression (stages III and IV compared with stages I and II) of CRC. The enrichment results of all the genes in the co-expression network related to IRF1-AS1, LINC01871, TRG-AS1, and USP30-AS showed that these lncRNAs could play a role in immune response, inflammation, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling and apoptosis pathways. Additionally, our findings demonstrated that the aforesaid lncRNAs were significantly lower in CRC samples compared with normal samples based on TCGA data, Also, the expression of some of them may serve as an appropriate biomarker.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that IRF1-AS1, LINC01871, TRG-AS1, and USP30-AS decreased during the progression of CRC and could play a tumor-suppressing role.