Journal of "Regeneration, Reconstruction & Restoration" (Triple R)

Introduction: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow on the β- TCP scaffold. Materials and Methods: Human mesenchymal stem cells originated from dental pulp, Buccal fat pad tissue, umbilical cord blood and bone marrow were assessed in this study. The characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells evaluated by flow-cytometry. Biological properties such as cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red and MTT assay scrutized during cell culture. The morphology of cells culture was also examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The MTT assay results represented that the proliferation was time-dependent and the rate of proliferation and viability of any four mesenchymal stem cells were the same. Results: The SEM of hBFPSCs, hBMSCs, hDPSCs, hUCSCs at 5 days indicated that hBFPSCs have higher attachment. ALP enzyme activities revealed the highest at day 21 when the cells were cultured in differentiation media. The alizarin red staining results indicated a clear mineralization of hBMSCs is dramatically higher from three mesenchymal stem cells. Our findings showed that the origins of MSCs impel their proliferative and osteogenic sufficiency and thus influence their application as a cell sources for bone tissue engineering. Conclusion: Despite BMSCs are the best nominee for cell based bone regeneration according to the existing evidences, in clinical and in vivo conditions there are many circumstances may be encountered bone healing.

Introduction: Bone surgery as a current bone treatment method is not always successful to fulfil bone repair in bone degenerative diseases or
extensive injuries. Due to the limited capacity of bone remodeling, the demand for alternative approaches remains to be met. Thus, efforts in ex
vivo generation of bone forming cells, osteoblasts, and their further application in cell therapy as a promising approach are of vital prominence
from a scientific perspective. Though several studies have focused on microRNA roles in osteoblast differentiation in various cell recourses, yet
none has reported miR-210 enhancing role in human mesynchymal stem cells (MSCs) so far.

Materials and Methods: Hence, we wished to
examine the nature of the relationship between osteoblast differentiation and miR-210 in unique human mesynchymal stem cells, unrestricted
somatic stem cells (USSCs). Osteoblast markers at gene level namely, Runx2, col I in addition to osteocalcin were assessed using qRT-PCR, and
Alizarin Red S staining was also carried out to observe histochemical changes 7 days following miR-210 transduction.

Results: The conclusion that follows from our findings represents a marked increase in osteoblast differentiation markers. Interestingly, for the first time, human USSCs
differentiation into osteoblasts was performed in our research.

Conclusion: our study may provide helpful insights into surmounting bone
related issues by combination of both gene and cell therapy.

Introduction: Reprogramming different cell to neuron have yet remained attractive field in regenerative medicine, so discovery new methods
or improve existing methods could be helpful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Carbon Nanotube-Gene Interaction in Induction of
Glial Cells to Neuron Cell.

Materials and Methods: Accordingly, we analyzed the transcriptome data of glial and neuron cells to determine the
different gene expression in both groups. Then, based on this transcriptome data, the gene chemical interaction was determined to find the most
important chemical structure which induces glial cell to neurons. Data extract from transcriptome database related rat cerebral cortex cells
generated by RNA sequencing transcriptomic (RNAseq) technique. By comparison neuron against glial cells (astrocyte, oligodenderocyte and
microglia) determined different gene expression. In Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) determined the most important chemical
to interact with this gene set. Then by using genetrail2 database determined mechanism of gene set associated to chemicals and miRNA enriched.

Results: Result determined different chemical with the risk factor and protective factor properties related to 500 genes that enriched in a neuron
in comparison with glial cells. The carbon nanotube is the first important chemicals that interact with 75 genes of 500. Gene ontology analysis
determined the carbon nanotube effect on genes that induce neurogenesis, neurodevelopment, and differentiation. Genetrail2 release the 29
significant miRNAs enriched in gene interacts with carbon nanotube in which miR-34a and miR-449a are the most significant molecules.
Network analysis of these genes represents KIT (tyrosine-protein kinase, CD117), Gria1, Syt1, Rab3c, and Tubb3 have central roles in
neurogenesis by the carbon nanotube.

Conclusion: In sum up, the carbon nanotube is an electrical stimulator that has biocompatibility to
induce glial cell to the neuron which applies as devise lonely or combination with a cell in damage part of the neural tissue.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) related pain can affect the individual's daily activities, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on acute pain in patients with TMD.

Materials and Methods: This is a double blind randomized clinical trial study. Patients were studied in two groups: In group1(Control group), patients received pharmacological agents with 7 sessions of passive TENS , patients in group 2  received the same protocol with 7 sessions of  active TENS (Every session 15 min). Age and gender were variables and pain severity (based on visual analogue scale) and maximum mouth opening (MMO) 30 days after treatment were outcomes of the study.

Results: Sixty patients were studied in two groups. Seven days after treatment, the mean of pain severity was 3.63±0.80 in group1 and 2.67±0.66 in group 2., The mean of MMO was 37.06±1.68 mm in group1 and 38.47±1.48 mm in group2.Analysis of the data showed a significant difference between the two groups for MMO. (P=0.001)

Conclusion: It seems use of TENS may improve pain relief in conjunction with pharmacological agents in patients with TMD.