First Molecular Detection of Aichivirus in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Iran
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020),
12 March 2020
,
Page 20-25
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v7i4.26729
Abstract
Background: Aichivirus as a new member of Picornaviridae family was detected and isolated in Japan. Aichivirus species, which belongs to genus Kobuvirus, include of three genotypes A, B and C. Based on previous reports to detect aichiviruses in stool samples as well as environmental samples such as river waters and sewage waters, it has been demonstrated that Aichivirus infect humans by fecal-oral routs. In order to establish an examination for the prevalence of Aichivirus among pediatric patients involved to acute gastroenteritis, we conducted a RT-qPCR assay for detection and quantification of Aichivirus in collected stool samples.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 160 stool samples from September 2018 to May 2019 were collected from presenting pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in Karaj hospital, Iran. After viral RNA extraction, the RT-PCR was performed to amplify the 3CD junction region of Aichivirus.
Results: Out of the 160 samples tested, the Aichivirus genomic RNA was detected in 13/160 (8.1%) of stool samples. The maximum viral prevalence rate was related to December (30.7%). The co-infection of Aichivirus with Salivirus and Saffold virus also assessed, among which high double or triple mixed-infections were determined.
Conclusion: This is the first documentation of Aichivirus detection in stool samples that demonstrates Aichivirus has been circulating among Iranian pediatric patients. Our results indicate that Aichivirus in association with Salivirus and Saffold virus may be considered as a causative agent of acute gastroenteritis.
- Aichivirus
- Pediatric Patients
- Acute Gastroenteritis
How to Cite
References
Jin Y, Cheng W-x, Yang X-m, Jin M, Zhang Q, Xu Z-q, et al. Viral agents associated with acute gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhea in Lanzhou, China. J Clin Virol. 2009;44(3):238-41.
Denno DM, Klein EJ, Young VB, Fox JG, Wang D, Tarr PI. Explaining unexplained diarrhea and associating risks and infections. Anim Health Res Rev. 2007;8(1):69-80.
Ambert-Balay K, Lorrot M, Bon F, Giraudon H, Kaplon J, Wolfer M, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Aichi virus strains in stool samples from community and hospitalized patients. J clin microbiol. 2008;46(4):1252-8.
Yamashita T, Kobayashi S, Sakac K, Nakata S, Chiba S, Ishihara Y, et al. Isolation of cytopathic small round viruses with BS-Cl cells from patients with gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1991;164(5):954-7.
Kitajima M, Gerba C. Aichi virus 1: environmental occurrence and behavior. Pathogens. 2015;4:256-68.
Yamashita T, Sakae K, Tsuzuki H, Suzuki Y, Ishikawa N, Takeda N, et al. Complete nucleotide sequence and genetic organization of aichi virus, a distinct member of the picornaviridaeassociated with acute gastroenteritis in humans. J virol. 1998;72(10):8408-12.
Chen Y-S, Chen B-C, Lin Y-S, Chang J-T, Huang T-S, Chen J-J, et al. Detection of Aichi virus with antibody targeting of conserved viral protein 1 epitope. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013;97(19):8529-36.
Han T-H, Park SH, Hwang E-S, Reuter G, Chung J-Y. Detection of aichi virus in South Korea. Arch virol. 2014;159(7):1835-9.
Yamashita T, Adachi H, Hirose E, Nakamura N, Ito M, Yasui Y, et al. Molecular detection and nucleotide sequence analysis of a new Aichi virus closely related to canine kobuvirus in sewage samples. J med microbiol. 2014;63(5):715-20.
Santos N, Mendes G, Silva R, Pena G, Rojas M, Amorim A, et al. Salivirus and aichivirus A infections in children with gastroenteritis in Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(8):799.
Sdiri-Loulizi K, Gharbi-Khélifi H, de Rougemont A, Chouchane S, Sakly N, Ambert-Balay K, et al. Acute infantile gastroenteritis associated with human enteric viruses in Tunisia. J clin microbiol. 2008;46(4):1349-55.
Chuchaona W, Khamrin P, Yodmeeklin A, Kumthip K, Saikruang W, Thongprachum A, et al. Detection and characterization of Aichi virus 1 in pediatric patients with diarrhea in Thailand. J med virol. 2017;89(2):234-8.
Kaikkonen S, Räsänen S, Rämet M, Vesikari T. Aichi virus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Finland. Epidemiol Infect. 2010;138(8):1166-71.
Räsänen S, Lappalainen S, Kaikkonen S, Hämäläinen M, Salminen M, Vesikari T. Mixed viral infections causing acute gastroenteritis in children in a waterborne outbreak. Epidemiol Infect. 2010;138(9):1227-34.
Pham NTK, Khamrin P, Nguyen TA, Kanti DS, Phan TG, Okitsu S, et al. Isolation and molecular characterization of Aichi viruses from fecal specimens collected in Japan, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Vietnam. J clin microbiol. 2007;45(7):2287-8.
Yang S, Zhang W, Shen Q, Yang Z, Zhu J, Cui L, et al. Aichi virus strains in children with gastroenteritis, China. Emerg infect dis. 2009;15(10):1703.
Reuter G, Boldizsár Á, Papp G, Pankovics P. Detection of Aichi virus shedding in a child with enteric and extraintestinal symptoms in Hungary. Arch virol. 2009;154(9):1529-32.
Jonsson N, Wahlström K, Svensson L, Serrander L, Lindberg AM. Aichi virus infection in elderly people in Sweden. Arch virol. 2012;157(7):1365-9.
Yamashita T, Sakae K, Kobayashi S, Ishihara Y, Miyake T, Mubina A, et al. Isolation of cytopathic small round virus (Aichi virus) from Pakistani children and Japanese travelers from Southeast Asia. Microbiol immunol. 1995;39(6):433-5.
Yamashita T, Sakae K, Ishihara Y, Isomura S, Utagawa E. Prevalence of newly isolated, cytopathic small round virus (Aichi strain) in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 1993;31(11):2938-43.
Goyer M, Aho L-S, Bour J-B, Ambert-Balay K, Pothier P. Seroprevalence distribution of Aichi virus among a French population in 2006–2007. Arch virol. 2008;153(6):1171-4.
Sdiri-Loulizi K, Hassine M, Bour J-B, Ambert-Balay K, Mastouri M, Aho L-S, et al. Aichi virus IgG seroprevalence in Tunisia parallels genomic detection and clinical presentation in children with gastroenteritis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(7):1111-6.
Ribes JM, Montava R, Téllez-Castillo CJ, Fernández-Jiménez M, Buesa J. Seroprevalence of Aichi virus in a Spanish population from 2007 to 2008. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010;17(4):545-9.
Yamashita T, Sakae K. Molecular biology and epidemiology of Aichi virus and other diarrhoeogenic enteroviruses. Perspect med virol. 2003;9:645-57.
Nielsen ACY, Gyhrs ML, Nielsen LP, Pedersen C, Böttiger B. Gastroenteritis and the novel picornaviruses aichi virus, cosavirus, saffold virus, and salivirus in young children. J Clin Virol. 2013;57(3):239-42.
Yamashita T, Sugiyama M, Tsuzuki H, Sakae K, Suzuki Y, Miyazaki Y. Application of a reverse transcription-PCR for identification and differentiation of Aichi virus, a new member of the Picornavirus family associated with gastroenteritis in humans. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(8):2955-61.
Azhdar Z, Ghaderi M, Mousavi-Nasab SD. Optimization of RT-qPCR for Detection of Aichi Virus in Sewage and River Water Samples in Karaj, Iran. Arch Iran Med. 2019;22(5).
Khamrin P, Okame M, Thongprachum A, Nantachit N, Nishimura S, Okitsu S, et al. A single-tube multiplex PCR for rapid detection in feces of 10 viruses causing diarrhea. Journal of virological methods. 2011;173(2):390-3.
Ibrahim C, Hammami S, Mejri S, Mehri I, Pothier P, Hassen A. Detection of Aichi virus genotype B in two lines of wastewater treatment processes. Microb pathog. 2017;109:305-12.
Lodder WJ, Rutjes SA, Takumi K, de Roda Husman AM. Aichi virus in sewage and surface water, the Netherlands. Emerg infect dis. 2013;19(8):1222.
Kitajima M, Hata A, Yamashita T, Haramoto E, Minagawa H, Katayama H. Development of a reverse transcription-quantitative PCR system for detection and genotyping of Aichi viruses in clinical and environmental samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2013;79(13):3952-8.
Drexler JF, Baumgarte S, de Souza Luna LK, Eschbach-Bludau M, Lukashev AN, Drosten C. Aichi virus shedding in high concentrations in patients with acute diarrhea. Emerg infect dis. 2011;17(8):1544.
- Abstract Viewed: 434 times
- PDF Downloaded: 145 times