Viral Infections in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2019),
17 March 2019
,
Page 84-95
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v7i2.24501
Abstract
Background and Aim: Viral infections in the intensive care units (ICUs) often involve the central nervous system or respiratory tract. These infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Science the fact that there is effective treatment against some viruses, knowing the viruses that cause infections in ICU can be a great help in managing these patients. Hence, the study reviewed the major viruses in the ICU. Materials and Methods: We searched published articles on trends of viral infections in the intensive care units (ICUs). The articles were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE. Conclusion: Due to the significant outbreak of viruses in the ICU and the presence of effective treatments against some viruses, knowing the important viruses in this area and rapid diagnosing and treatment can be important
- virus
- infection
- ICU
How to Cite
References
Miller S, Krijnse-Locker J. Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2008;6(5):363.
Kelesidis T, Mastoris I, Metsini A, Tsiodras S. How to approach and treat viral infections in ICU patients. BMC infectious diseases. 2014;14(1):321.
Farid GA, Moghaddam AB, Bojdy A. Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Center in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran; an Etiologic Survey. Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2018;13(4).
Voiriot G, Visseaux B, Cohen J, Nguyen LBL, Neuville M, Morbieu C, et al. Viral-bacterial coinfection affects the presentation and alters the prognosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia. Critical Care. 2016;20(1):375.
Jacobs SE, Lamson DM, George KS, Walsh TJ. Human rhinoviruses. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2013;26(1):135-62.
Reid AB, Anderson TL, Cooley L, Williamson J, Mcgregor AR. An outbreak of human rhinovirus species C infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2011;30(12):1096-5.
Zeng SZ, Xiao NG, Xie ZP, Xie GC, Zhong LL, Wang J, et al. Prevalence of human rhinovirus in children admitted to hospital with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Changsha, China. Journal of medical virology. 2014;86(11):1983-9.
Choi S-H, Hong S-B, Ko G-B, Lee Y, Park HJ, Park S-Y, et al. Viral infection in patients with severe pneumonia requiring intensive care unit admission. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2012;186(4):325-32.
Richard N, Komurian-Pradel F, Javouhey E, Perret M, Rajoharison A, Bagnaud A, et al. The impact of dual viral infection in infants admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit associated with severe bronchiolitis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2008;27(3):213-7.
Palmenberg AC, Spiro D, Kuzmickas R, Wang S, Djikeng A, Rathe JA, et al. Sequencing and analyses of all known human rhinovirus genomes reveal structure and evolution. Science. 2009;324(5923):55-9.
Gern JE. The ABCs of rhinoviruses, wheezing, and asthma. Journal of virology. 2010;84(15):7418-26.
Reese SM, Thompson M, Price CS, Young HL. Evidence of nosocomial transmission of human rhinovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit. American journal of infection control. 2016;44(3):355-7.
Yavarian J, Mokhtari-Azad T, Nadji S, Zeraati H, Naseri M. Analysis of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of human Influenza A/H3N2 viruses circulating in iran between 2005 and 2007: antigenic and phylogenetic relationships to vaccine strains. Intervirology. 2010;53(2):133-40.
Johnstone C, Hall A, Hart IJ. Common viral illnesses in intensive care: presentation, diagnosis, and management. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 2013;14(5):213-9.
Sellers SA, Hagan R, Hayden F, Fischer WA. The hidden burden of influenza: A review of the extra‐pulmonary complications of influenza infection. Influenza and other respiratory viruses. 2017.
Kloth C, Forler S, Gatidis S, Beck R, Spira D, Nikolaou K, et al. Comparison of chest-CT findings of Influenza virus-associated pneumonia in immunocompetent vs. immunocompromised patients. European journal of radiology. 2015;84(6):1177-83.
Koch RM, Kox M, de Jonge MI, van der Hoeven JG, Ferwerda G, Pickkers P. Patterns in bacterial-and viral-induced immunosuppression and secondary infections in the ICU. Shock. 2017;47(1):5-12.
Pérez-Carrasco M, Lagunes L, Antón A, Gattarello S, Laborda C, Pumarola T, et al. Influenza infection in the intensive care unit: four years after the 2009 pandemic. Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica. 2016;34(3):177-83.
Tabarsi P, Moradi A, Marjani M, Baghaei P, Hashemian SMH, Nadji SA, et al. Factors associated with death or intensive care unit admission due to pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection. Annals of thoracic medicine. 2011;6(2):91.
Hashemian SM, Tabarsi P, Nadji SA, Jamaati H, Mohajerani SA, Shamaee M, et al. Secondary infection and clinical aspects after pandemic swine–origin influenza a (H1N1) admission in an Iranian critical care unite. International journal of critical illness and injury science. 2014;4(4):309.
Wardlaw TM, Johansson EW, Hodge MJ. Pneumonia: the forgotten killer of children: Unicef; 2006.
Williams BG, Gouws E, Boschi-Pinto C, Bryce J, Dye C. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. The Lancet infectious diseases. 2002;2(1):25-32.
Chanock RM. Association of a new type of cytopathogenic myxovirus with infantile croup. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1956;104(4):555-76.
Chanock RM, Parrott RH, Bell JA, Rowe WP, Huebner RJ. New viruses observed in children with respiratory diseases. Public health reports. 1958;73(3):193.
Essa S, Al-Tawalah H, AlShamali S, Al-Nakib W. The potential influence of human parainfluenza viruses detected during hospitalization among critically ill patients in Kuwait, 2013–2015. Virology journal. 2017;14(1):19.
Glezen WP, Frank AL, Taber LH, Kasel JA. Parainfluenza virus type 3: seasonality and risk of infection and reinfection in young children. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1984;150(6):851-7.
Marx A, Török TJ, Holma RC, Clarke MJ, Anderson LJ. Pediatric hospitalizations for croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): biennial increases associated with human parainfluenza virus 1 epidemics. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1997;176(6):1423-7.
Hon KL, Leung TF, Cheung KL, Ng PC, Chan PKS. Influenza and parainfluenza associated pediatric ICU morbidity. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2010;77(10):1097-101.
Falsey AR, Walsh EE. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2000;13(3):371-84.
Vieira SE, Thomazelli LM, de Paulis M, Ferronato AE, Oliveira DB, Martinez MB, et al. Infections Caused by HRSV A ON1 Are Predominant among Hospitalized Infants with Bronchiolitis in São Paulo City. BioMed research international. 2017;2017.
Arjeyni Y, Goudarzi H, Eslami G, Faghihloo E. Viral Respiratory Infections in Patients with Cancer. Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2017;10(2).
Gupta P, Beam BW, Rettiganti M. Temporal Trends of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Hospital and ICU Admissions Across the United States. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2016;17(8):e343-e51.
Shay DK, Holman RC, Newman RD, Liu LL, Stout JW, Anderson LJ. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalizations among US children, 1980-1996. Jama. 1999;282(15):1440-6.
Salimi V, Ramezani A, Mirzaei H, Tahamtan A,
FaghihlooE, Rezaei F, Naseri M, Bont L, Mokhtari-Azad T,
Tavakoli Yaraki M. Evaluation of the expression level of
/15 lipoxygenase and the related inflammatory factors
(CCL5, CCL3) in respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice
model.Microb Pathog. 2017 Aug;109:209-213.
Piralla A, Mariani B, Rovida F, Baldanti F. Frequency of respiratory viruses among patients admitted to 26 Intensive Care Units in seven consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009–2016) in Northern Italy. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2017;92:48-51.
Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Schultz AF, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus–associated hospitalizations among children less than 24 months of age. Pediatrics. 2013:peds. 2013-0303.
Leung T, Lam D, Miu T, Hon K, Chau C, Ku S, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infections requiring pediatric intensive care admission in Hong Kong children. Infection. 2014;42(2):343-50.
Faghihloo E, Yavarian J, Jandaghi NZS, Shadab A, Azad TM. Genotype circulation pattern of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2014;22:130-3.
Faghihloo E, Rezaie F, Salimi V, Naseri M, Mamishi S, Mahmoodi M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran. Acta virologica. 2011;55(1):81-3.
Faghihloo E, Salimi V, Rezaei F, Naseri M, Mamishi S, Mahmoodi M, et al. Genetic diversity in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus among Iranian children with acute respiratory symptoms. Iranian journal of pediatrics. 2011;21(1):58.
Siakallis G, Spandidos DA, Sourvinos G. Herpesviridae and novel inhibitors. Antiviral therapy. 2009;14(8):1051-64.
Pormohammad A, Azimi T, Falah F, Faghihloo E.
Relationship of human herpes virus 6 and multiple sclerosis: A
systematic review and meta-analysis.J Cell Physiol. 2018
Apr;233(4):2850-2862.
Wertheim JO, Smith MD, Smith DM, Scheffler K, Kosakovsky Pond SL. Evolutionary origins of human herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. Molecular biology and evolution. 2014;31(9):2356-64.
Bertke AS, Ma A, Margolis MS, Margolis TP. Different mechanisms regulate productive herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 infections in adult trigeminal neurons. Journal of virology. 2013;87(11):6512-6.
Fatahzadeh M, Schwartz RA. Human herpes simplex virus infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, diagnosis, and management. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2007;57(5):737-63.
Walton AH, Muenzer JT, Rasche D, Boomer JS, Sato B, Brownstein BH, et al. Reactivation of multiple viruses in patients with sepsis. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98819.
Lepiller Q, Sueur C, Solis M, Barth H, Glady L, Lefebvre F, et al. Clinical relevance of herpes simplex virus viremia in Intensive Care Unit patients. Journal of Infection. 2015;71(1):93-100.
Pica F, Ciotti M, Maurici M, Buè C, Nardi P, Lucà G, et al. Clinical features and outcome of hospitalized patients with HSV-1 DNA in the lower respiratory tract. The new microbiologica. 2017;40(2):107-12.
Amanati A, Karimi A, Fahimzad A, Shamshiri AR, Fallah F, Mahdavi A, et al. Prevalence of Human Herpes Viruses in Bronchoalveolar Lavage of Critically Ill Children Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation at a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2018(In Press).
Mirzaei H, Goudarzi H, Eslami G, Faghihloo E. Role of viruses in gastrointestinal cancer. J Cell Physiol. 2018 May;233(5):4000-4014.
Friedrichs I, Bingold T, Keppler O, Pullmann B, Reinheimer C, Berger A. Detection of herpesvirus EBV DNA in the lower respiratory tract of ICU patients: a marker of infection of the lower respiratory tract? Medical microbiology and immunology. 2013;202(6):431-6.
Costa C, Elia M, Astegiano S, Sidoti F, Terlizzi ME, Solidoro P, et al. Quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus in bronchoalveolar lavage from transplant and nontransplant patients. Transplantation. 2008;86(10):1389-94.
Munro SC, Trincado D, Hall B, Rawlinson WD. Symptomatic infant characteristics of congenital cytomegalovirus disease in Australia. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2005;41(8):449-52.
Alyazidi R, Murthy S, Slyker JA, Gantt S. The Potential Harm of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Immunocompetent Critically Ill Children. Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2018;6:96.
Pillet S, Roblin X, Cornillon J, Mariat C, Pozzetto B. Quantification of cytomegalovirus viral load. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2014;12(2):193-210.
Domart Y, Trouillet J-L, Fagon J-Y, Chastre J, Brun-Vezinet F, Gibert C. Incidence and morbidity of cytomegaloviral infection in patients with mediastinitis following cardiac surgery. Chest. 1990;97(1):18-22.
Kalil AC, Florescu DF. Prevalence and mortality associated with cytomegalovirus infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients in the intensive care unit. Critical care medicine. 2009;37(8):2350-8.
Rafailidis PI, Mourtzoukou EG, Varbobitis IC, Falagas ME. Severe cytomegalovirus infection in apparently immunocompetent patients: a systematic review. Virology journal. 2008;5(1):47.
Karakozis S, Gongora E, Caceres M, Brun E, Cook JW. Life-threatening cytomegalovirus colitis in the immunocompetent patient. Diseases of the colon & rectum. 2001;44(11):1716-20.
Devetag FC, Boscariolo L. Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis with paroxysmal course in immunocompetent adults: a new nosographical entity. European neurology. 2000;44(4):242-7.
Eddleston M, Peacock S, Juniper M, Warrell D. Severe cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients. Clinical infectious diseases. 1997;24(1):52-6.
Papazian L, Doddoli C, Chetaille B, Gernez Y, Thirion X, Roch A, et al. A contributive result of open-lung biopsy improves survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients. Critical care medicine. 2007;35(3):755-62.
Ong DS, Spitoni C, Klouwenberg PMK, Lunel FMV, Frencken JF, Schultz MJ, et al. Cytomegalovirus reactivation and mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive care medicine. 2016;42(3):333-41.
Osawa R, Wagener M, Singh N. Cytomegalovirus infection in patients with sepsis due to bloodstream infections: lower risk and better outcomes in new versus already hospitalised intensive care unit admissions. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2016;44(5):571.
Coisel Y, Bousbia S, Forel J-M, Hraiech S, Lascola B, Roch A, et al. Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus effect on the prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients suspected to have ventilator-associated pneumonia. PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51340.
Heininger A, Haeberle H, Fischer I, Beck R, Riessen R, Rohde F, et al. Cytomegalovirus reactivation and associated outcome of critically ill patients with severe sepsis. Critical care. 2011;15(2):R77.
Boeckh M, Huang M, Ferrenberg J, Stevens-Ayers T, Stensland L, Nichols WG, et al. Optimization of quantitative detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in plasma by real-time PCR. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2004;42(3):1142-8.
Westall GP, Michaelides A, Williams TJ, Snell GI, Kotsimbos TC. Human cytomegalovirus load in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a longitudinal study of lung transplant recipients. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2004;190(6):1076-83.
Boeckh M, Stevens-Ayers T, Travi G, Huang M-L, Cheng G-S, Xie H, et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantitation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with CMV pneumonia. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2017;215(10):1514-22.
Narvaez-Arzate RV, Olguin-Mexquitic L, Lima-Rogel V, Noyola DE, Barrios-Compean LM, Villegas-Alvarez C. Cytomegalovirus infection in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. 2013;26(11):1103-6.
Rowe WP, Huebner RJ, Gilmore LK, Parrott RH, Ward TG. Isolation of a cytopathogenic agent from human adenoids undergoing spontaneous degeneration in tissue culture. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1953;84(3):570-3.
Lynch JP, Fishbein M, Echavarria M, editors. Adenovirus. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine; 2011: © Thieme Medical Publishers.
Chen M, Zhu Z, Huang F, Liu D, Zhang T, Ying D, et al. Adenoviruses associated with acute respiratory diseases reported in Beijing from 2011 to 2013. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0121375.
Chang SY, Lee CN, Lin PH, Huang HH, Chang LY, Ko W, et al. A community‐derived outbreak of adenovirus type 3 in children in Taiwan between 2004 and 2005. Journal of medical virology. 2008;80(1):102-12.
Gray GC, McCarthy T, Lebeck MG, Schnurr DP, Russell KL, Kajon AE, et al. Genotype prevalence and risk factors for severe clinical adenovirus infection, United States 2004–2006. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2007;45(9):1120-31.
SCHMTTZ H, WIGAND R, HEINRICH W. Worldwide epidemiology of human adenovirus infections. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1983;117(4):455-66.
Cooper R, Hallett R, Tullo A, Klapper P. The epidemiology of adenovirus infections in Greater Manchester, UK 1982–96. Epidemiology & Infection. 2000;125(2):333-45.
Lynch III JP, Kajon AE, editors. Adenovirus: epidemiology, global spread of novel serotypes, and advances in treatment and prevention. Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine; 2016: Thieme Medical Publishers.
Kim Y-J, Hong J-Y, Lee H-J, Shin S-H, Kim Y-K, Inada T, et al. Genome type analysis of adenovirus types 3 and 7 isolated during successive outbreaks of lower respiratory tract infections in children. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2003;41(10):4594-9.
Rebelo-de-Andrade H, Pereira C, Gíria M, Prudêncio E, Brito MJ, Calé E, et al. Outbreak of acute respiratory infection among infants in Lisbon, Portugal, caused by human adenovirus serotype 3 and a new 7/3 recombinant strain. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2010;48(4):1391-6.
Wang Y-F, Shen F-C, Wang S-L, Kuo P-H, Tsai H-P, Liu C-C, et al. Molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of adenovirus respiratory infections in Taiwanese children. Medicine. 2016;95(18).
Cassir N, Hraiech S, Nougairede A, Zandotti C, Fournier P, Papazian L. Outbreak of adenovirus type 1 severe pneumonia in a French intensive care unit, september–october 2012. Eurosurveillance. 2014;19(39):20914.
Ganime AC, Carvalho‐Costa FA, Santos M, Costa Filho R, Leite JPG, Miagostovich MP. Viability of human adenovirus from hospital fomites. Journal of medical virology. 2014;86(12):2065-9.
Tan D, Zhu H, Fu Y, Tong F, Yao D, Walline J, et al. Severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by human adenovirus in immunocompetent adults: a multicenter case series. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151199.
Ersoy Y, Otlu B, Türkçüoğlu P, Yetkin F, Aker S, Kuzucu C. Outbreak of adenovirus serotype 8 conjunctivitis in preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2012;80(2):144-9.
- Abstract Viewed: 324 times
- PDF Downloaded: 149 times