Examination of the Steps and Attachment Circumstances of the Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nano-particle to Increase the Effect of Nanomedicine on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Faecalis
Novelty in Biomedicine,
Vol. 6 No. 4 (2018),
31 October 2018
,
Page 157-161
https://doi.org/10.22037/nbm.v6i4.21596
Abstract
Background: Infectious diseases continue to be one of the biggest health challenges around the world, followed by problems caused by antibiotic resistance and excessive use of antibiotics. In general, Enterococcus faecalis is the main cause of nosocomial infections and is the most common cause of surgical ulcer infections. This study examines how a vancomycin nanomedicine attaches to poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticle. Determining the role of vancomycin nanomedicine on reducing the drug resistance of vancomycin in E. faecalis (clinical hospital isolates) and determining the cytotoxicity effects of nanomedicine.Materials and Methods: In this method, first, attachment made through chemical processes such as emulsion between vancomycin antibiotic and a PLGA nanoparticle, and resultant antibiotic tested on vancomycin resistant E. faecalis.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the method of nanomedicine attachment to antibiotics was an effective method and it was determined by X-ray Diffraction that the attachment was precisely performed. In the antibiogram method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the nanomedicine increased in respect to vancomycin antibiotic.
Conclusion: The results showed that produced Nano-antibiotics had a better effect than resistant antibiotics.- PLGA
- Enterococcus Faecalis
- Vancomycin
How to Cite
References
Skrupky LP, Micek ST, Kollef MH. Bench-to-bedside review: Understanding the impact of resistance and virulence factors on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the intensive care unit. Critical Care. 2009;13(5):222.
Roco MC. Broader societal issues of nanotechnology. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2003;5(3-4):181-9.
Saderi H, Owlia P, Maleki Z, Habibi M, Rahmati N. Susceptibility to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients of four university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Pathology. 2008;3(3):161-7.
Shrivastava S, Bera T, Roy A, Singh G, Ramachandrarao P, Dash D. Characterization of enhanced antibacterial effects of novel silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology. 2007;18(22):225103.
Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Advances in colloid and interface science. 2009;145(1-2):83-96.
Sanpui P, Murugadoss A, Prasad PD, Ghosh SS, Chattopadhyay A. The antibacterial properties of a novel chitosan–Ag-nanoparticle composite. International journal of food microbiology. 2008;124(2):142-6.
Kamalha E, Shi X, Mwasiagi JI, Zeng Y. Nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes; A review of potential in drug delivery. Macromolecular Research. 2012;20(9):891-8.
Wang Y. Antibiotic-conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: New opportunities for development of anti-MRSA agents. 2006.
Gupta P, Khare V, Kumar D, Ahmad A, Banerjee G, Singh M. Comparative evaluation of disc diffusion and E-test with broth micro-dilution in susceptibility testing of amphotericin B, voriconazole and caspofungin against clinical Aspergillus isolates. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015;9(1):DC04.
Turos E, Shim J-Y, Wang Y, Greenhalgh K, Reddy GSK, Dickey S, et al. Antibiotic-conjugated polyacrylate nanoparticles: new opportunities for development of anti-MRSA agents. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2007;17(1):53-6.
Stoimenov PK, Klinger RL, Marchin GL, Klabunde KJ. Metal oxide nanoparticles as bactericidal agents. Langmuir. 2002;18(17):6679-86.
Wang H, Cheng H, Wang F, Wei D, Wang X. An improved 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay for evaluating the viability of Escherichia coli cells. Journal of microbiological methods. 2010;82(3):330-3.
Salgado-Pabón W, Herrera A, Vu BG, Stach CS, Merriman JA, Spaulding AR, et al. Staphylococcus aureus β-toxin production is common in strains with the β-toxin gene inactivated by bacteriophage. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2014;210(5):784-92.
Vysakh P, Jeya M. A comparative analysis of community acquired and hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2013;7(7):1339.
Marks LR, Clementi EA, Hakansson AP. Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and other antibiotics in vitro and in vivo in the presence of HAMLET. PloS one. 2013;8(5):e63158.
Rivera AM, Boucher HW, editors. Current concepts in antimicrobial therapy against select gram-positive organisms: methicillin-resistantstaphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant pneumococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2011: Elsevier.
Ansari T, Farheen M, Hoda M, Nayak AK. Microencapsulation of pharmaceuticals by solvent evaporation technique: a review. Elixir Pharm. 2012;47:8821-7.
Afsharnezhad S, Kashefi M, Behravan J, Gharaee ME, Meshkat M, Abadi KS, et al. Investigation of nano-SiO2 impact on mechanical and biocompatibility properties of cyanoacryalate based nanocomposites for dental application. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2014;54:177-83.
Yang Y-Y, Chia H-H, Chung T-S. Effect of preparation temperature on the characteristics and release profiles of PLGA microspheres containing protein fabricated by double-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation method. Journal of Controlled Release. 2000;69(1):81-96.
Stevanović M, Uskoković V, Filipović M, Škapin SoD, Uskoković D. Composite PLGA/AgNpPGA/AscH nanospheres with combined osteoinductive, antioxidative, and antimicrobial activities. ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2013;5(18):9034-42.
Yadegarynia D, Azad MK, Gachkar L, Roodsari SR, Arab-Mazar Z. Drug resistance of acinetobacter in selected hospitals. Novelty in Biomedicine. 2015;3(3):103-10.
- Abstract Viewed: 293 times
- PDF Downloaded: 191 times