Analysis of the Relationship among Kidney Volume, Obesity, and Blood Pressure in Mexican-American Children
Journal of Pediatric Nephrology,
Vol. 7 No. 3 (2019),
16 November 2019
,
Page 1-7
https://doi.org/10.22037/jpn.v7i3.26495
Abstract
Background and Aim: Obesity causes a decrease kidney function and an increase in kidney volume. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship among kidney volume, obesity and blood pressure in Mexican-American children in South Texas.
Methods: To study those effects, data was collected from 454 ultrasound done on 289 girls and 762 ultrasound done on 382 boys visiting a pediatric clinic in South Texas from 2003 to 2018. The relationship between kidney volume and obesity was analyzed. IBM SPSS is used for data analysis.
Results: Children with fatty livers have a higher kidney volume when compared to children with non-fatty livers. When comparing children classified as BMI percentile (0, 50%), BMI percentile [50%, 85%), BMI percentile [85%, 95%), and BMI percentile above 95%, the kidney volume is increasing as BMI percentile increases. We also found that there is a positive relationship between the kidney volume and systolic blood pressure. Children with high systolic blood pressure (above 119 mmHg) have a larger volume when compared to children with low blood pressure (above 110 but less than or equal 119 mmHg), 110 and below mmHg.
Conclusion: Obesity causes inflammation, and lipid accumulation. These effects can cause an increase in kidney volume. Kidney volume increases can be caused by hypertension. This is even severe for Mexican-American children in south Texas.
Keywords: Obesity; Kidney volume; Hypertension; Child.
- Obesity
- Kidney volume
- Hypertension
- Child.
How to Cite
References
Hayashi K, Takayama M, Abe T, Kanda T, Hirose H, Shimizu-Hirota R, et al. Investigation of metabolic factors associated with eGFR decline over 1 year in a Japanese population without CKD. Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. 2017:38612.
Chade AR, Hall JE. Role of the renal microcirculation in progression of chronic kidney injury in obesity. American journal of nephrology. 2016;44(5):354-67.
Venner AA, Lyon ME, Doyle-Baker PK. Leptin: a potential biomarker for childhood obesity? Clinical biochemistry. 2006 Nov 1;39(11):1047-56.
Wolf G, Ziyadeh FN. Leptin and renal fibrosis. InObesity and the Kidney 2006 (Vol. 151, pp. 175-183). Karger Publishers.
Darouich S, Goucha R, Jaafoura MH, Zekri S, Maiz HB, Kheder A. Clinicopathological characteristics of obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Ultrastructural pathology. 2011 Aug 1;35(4):176-82.
Abitbol CL, Chandar J, Rodríguez MM, Berho M, Seeherunvong W, Freundlich M, et al. Obesity and preterm birth: additive risks in the progression of kidney disease in children. Pediatric Nephrology. 2009 Jul 1;24(7):1363-70.
Stemmer K, Perez-Tilve D, Ananthakrishnan G, Bort A, Seeley RJ, Tschp MH, et al. High-fat-diet-induced obesity causes an inflammatory and tumor-promoting microenvironment in the rat kidney. Disease models & mechanisms. 2012;5(5):627-35.
Pantoja-Zuzuarregui J.R, Mallios R, Murphy J. The effect of obesity on kidney length in a healthy pediatric population. Pediatr Nephrol. 2009; 24:2023–2027.
Savino A, Pelliccia P, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Obesity-related renal injury in childhood. Hormone research in paediatrics. 2010;73(5):303-11.
Wahba IM, Mak RH. Obesity and obesity-initiated metabolic syndrome: mechanistic links to chronic kidney disease. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2007;2(3):550-62.
Hall JE, Brands MW, Dixon WN, Smith Jr MJ. Obesity-induced hypertension. Renal function and systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension. 1993;22(3):292-9.
Dwyer TM, Mizelle HL, Cockrell K, Buhner P. Renal sinus lipomatosis and body composition in hypertensive, obese rabbits. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 1995;19(12):869-74.
Dwyer TM, Bigler SA, Moore NA, Carroll JF, Hall JE. The altered structure of renal papillary outflow tracts in obesity. Ultrastructural pathology. 2000;24(4):251-7.
Chughtai HL, Morgan TM, Rocco M, Stacey B, Brinkley TE, Ding J, et al. Renal sinus fat and poor blood pressure control in middle-aged and elderly individuals at risk for cardiovascular events. Hypertension. 2010;56(5):901-6.
Li Z, Woollard JR, Wang S, Korsmo MJ, Ebrahimi B, Grande JP, et al. Increased glomerular filtration rate in early metabolic syndrome is associated with renal adiposity and microvascular proliferation. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 2011;301(5):F1078-87.
Ejerblad E, Fored CM, Lindblad P, Fryzek J, McLaughlin JK, Nyrén O. Obesity and risk for chronic renal failure. Journal of the American society of nephrology. 2006;17(6):1695-702.
Ribstein J, du Cailar G, Mimran A. Combined renal effects of overweight and hypertension. Hypertension. 1995;26(4):610-5.
Weinberg JM. Lipotoxicity. Kidney international. 2006;70(9):1560-6.
Moorhead JF, El-Nahas M, Chan MK, Varghese Z. Lipid nephrotoxicity in chronic progressive glomerular and tubulo-interstitial disease. The Lancet. 1982;320(8311):1309-11.
Hall JE, Brands MW, Henegar JR, Shek EW. Abnormal kidney function as a cause and a consequence of obesity hypertension. Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. 1998;25(1):58-64.
Reisin E, Jack AV. Obesity and hypertension: mechanisms, cardio-renal consequences, and therapeutic approaches. Medical Clinics of North America. 2009;93(3):733-51.
Kume S, Uzu T, Araki SI, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M, Sakaguchi M, et al. Role of altered renal lipid metabolism in the development of renal injury induced by a high-fat diet. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2007;18(10):2715-23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/bmi/resultgraph.html.
Foster MC, Hwang SJ, Porter SA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Fox CS. Fatty kidney, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: The Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):784-90.
Tu W, Eckert GJ, DiMeglio LA, Yu Z, Jung J, Pratt JH. Intensified effect of adiposity on blood pressure in overweight and obese children. Hypertension. 2011;58(5):818-24.
Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics. 2004;113(3):475-82.
Martin-del-Campo F, Batis-Ruvalcaba C, Ordaz-Medina SM, Martínez-Ramírez HR, Vizmanos-Lamotte B, Romero-Velarde E, et al. Frequency and Risk Factors of Kidney Alterations in Children and Adolescents who Are Overweight and Obese in a Primary Health-care Setting. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2019 Jan 21.
Gunta SS, Mak RH. Is obesity a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in children? Pediatric Nephrology. 2013;28(10):1949-56.
Nehus E, Mistsnefes M. Childhood Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2019; 66(1):31-43.
Quintana F.G., Wang H, Cervantes F.J., Faz M. eGFR Changes in Overweight/Obese Mexican American Children. Diabetes: A Journal of the American Diabetes Association. 78th Scientific Sessions, Orlando FL. 2018;67(1):A640.
Cervantes F.J, Faz M, Quintana F.G, Wang H. Measurement of Liver size by Ultrasound unveils Large Livers in overweight Children. Diabetes & Obesity International Journal. 2019; 4(4).
Hao J, Liu SX, Zhao S, Liu QJ, Liu W, Duan HJ. High-fat diet causes increased serum insulin and glucose which synergistically lead to renal tubular lipid deposition and extracellular matrix accumulation. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012;107(1):74-85.
Jiang T, Wang Z, Proctor G, Moskowitz S, Liebman SE, Rogers T, et al. Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice causes increased renal lipid accumulation and glomerulosclerosis via a sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c-dependent pathway. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2005;280(37):32317-25.
Wang Z, Jiang T, Li J, Proctor G, McManaman JL, Lucia S, et al. Regulation of renal lipid metabolism, lipid accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis in FVBdb/db mice with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2005;54(8):2328-35.
Dwyer TM, Banks SA, Alonso-Galicia M, Cockrell K, Carroll JF, Bigler SA, et al. Distribution of renal medullary hyaluronan in lean and obese rabbits. Kidney international. 2000;58(2):721-9.
Wan Y, Wang F, Yuan J, Li J, Jiang D, Zhang J, et al. Effects of dietary fat on gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors: a 6-month randomized controlled-feeding trial. Gut. 2019:gutjnl-2018.
Millar L, Rowland B, Nichols M, Swinburn B, Bennett C, Skouteris H, et al. Relationship between raised BMI and sugar sweetened beverage and high fat food consumption among children. Obesity. 2014;22(5):E96-103.
Ma Y, Olendzki B, Chiriboga D, Hebert JR, Li Y, Li W, et al. Association between dietary carbohydrates and body weight. American journal of epidemiology. 2005;161(4):359-67.
- Abstract Viewed: 316 times
- PDF Downloaded: 159 times