Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis: Evaluation of Therapies Association in Experimentally Infected Mice With Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences,
Vol. 9 No. 4 (2018),
17 Shahrivar 2018
,
Page 274-282
Abstract
Introduction: American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that affects the skin and mucous membrane. Currently, the available drugs for the treatment are injectable, with side effects, long-term treatment regimen and there is the possibility of drug resistance. Thus, alternative therapies have been tested, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). We evaluated the efficacy of PDT on its own and associated with the prescribed ATL treatment.
Methods: BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and divided into 6 groups: Gluc+PDT, treated with Glucantime® and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB)/red LED (light-emitting diode); Gluc, treated with Glucantime®; PDT, treated with PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho+PDT, treated with amphotericin and PDT with MB/red LED; Ampho, treated with amphotericin; and control, which were infected but not treated. Two treatment cycles were performed. After 165 days of infection, the parasite load was determined.
Results: Statistical differences were not found (P > 0.05) between measures of volume and thickness of the infected footpads in the treated groups when compared with the control group. However, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the parasitic load of the popliteal lymph nodes of the Gluc+PDT, Gluc, PDT and Ampho groups when compared to the control group. In the histological analysis of the infected footpads, the Gluc+PDT group presented a smaller amount of amastigote nests and lower intensity of the mononuclear infiltrate when compared to the Gluc and PDT groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that although there is no significant difference in the evaluations of footpad size (thickness and volume), there is a downward measurement tendency in the Gluc+PDT group, as it can be observed by volume data and corroborated by parasite negative load.
- Photochemotherapy
- Methylene Blue
- Leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous
- Leishmania
How to Cite
References
Leishmaniose. World Health Organization website. Available from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs375/es/. Accessed November 21, 2016.
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, et al. Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5): e35671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035671.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Manual de Vigilância da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. 2nd ed. Brasília: Editora do Ministério da Saúde; 2013. http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/manual_ vigilancia_leishmaniose_tegumentar_americana_2edicao. pdf
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Portal da saúde. Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. Available from http://conitec.gov.br/images/Protocolos/Escopo_PCDT_LeishmanioseTegumentar_Enquete.pdf. Accessed November 21, 2016.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Manual de Controle da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana. 5nd ed. Brasília. Editora do Ministério da Saúde; 2000.
http://www.saude.pr.gov.br/arquivos/File/zoonoses_intoxicacoes/leishmaniose/manu_leishman.pdf
Song D, Lindoso JA, Oyafuso LK, Kanashiro EH, Cardoso JL, Uchoa AF et al. Photodynamic therapy using methylene blue to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Photomed Laser Surg. 2011;29(10):711-715. doi: 10.1089/pho.2010.2915.
Rodrigues AM, Hueb M, Santos TA, Cor JFF. Factors associated with treatment failure of ACL with meglumine antimoniate. Rev Soc Bras Med Tropical. 2006;39(2):139-145. doi:/S0037-86822006000200001.
Ourives-Neves L, Chrusciak-Talhari A, Gadelha EPN, da Silva Júnior RM, Guerra JAO, Ferreira LCL et al. Estudo clínico randomizado comparando antimoniato de meglumina, pentamidina e anfotericina B para o tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea ocasionada por Leishmania guyanensis. An Bras Dermatol. 2011;86(6):1092-101. doi: 10.1590/S0365-05962011000600005.
Ribeiro MN, Pimentel MIF, Schubach AO, Oliveira RVC, Teixeira JL, Leite MPS et al. Factors associated to adherence to different treatment schemes with meglumine antimoniate in a clinical trial for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo. 2014;56(4):291-6. doi: 10.1590/S0036-46652014000400004.
Jeddi F, Caumes E, Thellier M, Jaureguiberry S, Mazier D, Buffet PA, Case Report: Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome Induced by Meglumine Antimoniate. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80(6):939–940.
Oliveira RA, Lima CG, Mota RM, Martins AM, Sanches TR, Seguro AC et al. Renal function evaluation in patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis after specific treatment with pentavalent antimonial. In BMC Nephrol. 2012;13:44. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-13-44.
Kashani MN, Firooz A, Eskandari SE, Ghoorchi MH, Khamesipour A, Khatami A et al. Evaluation of meglumine antimoniate effects on liver, kidney and pancreas function tests in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eur J Dermatol. 2007;17(6):513-515. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2007.0266.
Rojas R, Valderrama L, Valderrama M, Varona MX, Ouellette M, Saravia NG. Resistance to antimony and treatment failure in human Leishmania (Viannia) infection. J Infect Dis. 2006;193(10):1375-1383. doi: 10.1086/503371.
Gardlo K, Horska Z, Enk CD, Rauch L, Megahed M, Ruzicka T et al. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis by photodynamic therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:893-896. doi: 10.1067/mjd.2003.218.
Tardivo JP, Giglio AD, Oliveira CS, Gabrielli DS, Junqueira HC, Tada DB et al. Methylene blue in photodynamic therapy: From basic mechanisms to clinical applications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015;2:175-191. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3179-7.
Peloi LS, Biondo CE, Kimura E, et al. Photodynamic therapy for American cutaneous leishmaniasis: the efficacy of methylene blue in hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Exp Parasitol. 2011;128:353-356. doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2011.04.009
Bacelar IOL, Tsubone TM, Pavani C, Baptista MS. Photodynamic efficiency: from molecular photochemistry to cell death. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(9):20523-20559. doi:10.3390/ijms160920523.
Machado AE. Terapia fotodinâmica: princípios, potencial de aplicação e prespectivas. Quim Nova. 2000;23:237-243. doi: 10.1590/S0100-40422000000200015.
Lee Y, Baron ED. Photodynamic therapy: current evidence and applications in dermatology. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2011;30(4):199-209. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.001.
Stocche RM, Garcia LV, Reis MP, Klamt JG, Evora PRB. Uso do azul de metileno no tratamento de choque anafilático durante anestesia. Relato de caso, Ver Bras Anestesiol. 2004;54(6):809-814. doi:10.1590/S0034-70942004000600010.
Evora PRB, Ribeiro PJF, Vicente WVA, Reis CL, Rodrigues AJ, Menardi AC et al. Methylene blue for vasoplegic syndrome treatment in heart surgery: fifteen years of questions, answers, doubts and certainties. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2009;24(3):279-288. doi: 10.1590/S0102-76382009000400005.
O’Riordan K, Akilov OE, Hasan T. The potencial for photodynamic therapy in the treatment of localized infections. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2005;2:247-262. doi:10.1016/S1572-1000(05)00099-2.
Van der Snoek EM, Robinson DJ, Van Hellemond JJ, Neumann HAM. A review of photodynamic therapy in cutaneous leishmaniasis. JEADV. 2008:22:918-922. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02805.
Enk CD, Fritsch C, Jonas F, Nasereddin A, Ingber A, Jaffe CL et al. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with photodynamic therapy. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139: 432–434. doi:10.1001/archderm.139.4.432.
Akilov OE, Kosaka S, O’Riordan K, Song X, Sherwood M, Flotte TJ et al. The Role of Photosensitizer Molecular Charge and Structure on the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy against Leishmania Parasites, Chem Biol. 2006;13:839–847. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.06.008.
Akilov OE, Kosaka S, O’Riordan K, Hasan T. Parasiticidal effect of delta-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis is indirect and mediated through the killing of the host cells. Exp Dermatol. 2007a;16:651–660. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00578.
Akilov OE, Kosaka S, O’Riordan K, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis: the effectiveness of topical phenothiaziniums in parasite eradication and Th1 immune response stimulation. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2007b;6:1067–1075. doi: 10.1039/b703521g.
Asilian A, Davami M. Comparison between the efficacy of photodynamic therapy and topical paromomycin in the treatment of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006;31:634–637. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02182.
Sohl S, Kauer F, Pasch U, Siman JC, Wetzig T. Photodynamic treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. JDDG. 2007;5:128–130. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06177.
Sbeghen MR, Voltarelli EM, Campois TG, Kimura E, Aristides SMA, Hernandes L et al. Topical and intradermal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue and light-emitting diode in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis. J Lasers Med Sci. 2015;6(3):106-101. doi: 10.15171/jlms.2015.03.
Buffet PA, Sulahian A, Garin YJ, Nassar N, Derouin F. Culture microtitration: a sensitive method for quantifying Leishmania infantum in tissues of infected mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1995;39(9):2167-2168.
Lonardoni MVC, Russo M, Jancar S. Essential Role of Platelet-Activating Factor in Control of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Infection. Kaufmann SHE, ed. Infection and Immunity. 2000;68(11):6355-6361.
de Mello TFP, Cardoso BM, Lopes SN, Bitencourt HR, Voltarelli EM, Hernandes L et al. Activity of synthetic chalcones in hamsters experimentally infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Parasitol Research. 2015;114(10):3587–3600. doi: 10.1007/s00436-015-4581-1.
Khalili G, Dobakhti F, Mahmoudzadeh-Niknam H, Khaze V, Partovi F. Immunotherapy with imiquimod increases the efficacy of glucantime therapy of Leishmania major infection. Iran J Immunol. 2011;8(1):45-51. doi: IJIv8i1A6.
Ganis P, Auitabile G, Mechlinki W, Schaffner CP. Polyene macrolide antibiotic amphotericin B. Crystal structure of the N-iodo-acetyl derivative. J Amer Chem Soc 1971;93 (18):4560-4564. doi: 10.1021/ja00747a037.
- Abstract Viewed: 644 times
- PDF Downloaded: 247 times