A Randomized Clinical Trial in Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Mind-Wandering Index in Adolescents
International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences,
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2019),
19 June 2019
,
Page 26-34
https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v6i2.26540
Abstract
Introduction: Acceptance and commitment and metacognitive therapies are considered as third wave therapies. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and Metacognitive therapy (MCT) on the mind-wandering index in adolescents.
Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 45 female adolescents in Karaj were estimated using a Cloninger sample volume estimation method and were selected through purposive screening sampling. They were randomly assigned into three groups. Two ACT and MCT were presented to the experimental groups in the form of ten sessions of 1 hour. The data were collected at three time intervals through a demographic checklist, a structured clinical interview and a mind-wandering questionnaire. Analysis of covariance and Bonferroni analysis tests were used.
Results: The primary outcomes showed that both ACT and MCT had a significant effect on the mind-wandering index (p<0.01), although this effectiveness was more favorable in the MCT group (P<0.05). The secondary outcomes also showed the stability of the results in the follow-up stage (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest the effectiveness of third wave therapies on psychological indices. These findings can be combined with clinical applications in planning new therapeutic and educational perspectives.
Declaration of Interest: None
- metacognitive therapy
- acceptance and commitment therapy
- mind-wandering
How to Cite
References
- Powers, A., & Casey, B. J. (2015). The adolescent brain and the emergence and peak of psychopathology. Journal of Infant, Child, and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 14(1), 3-15.
- Holmes C, Brieant A, King-Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. How Is Religiousness Associated With Adolescent Risk-Taking? The Roles of Emotion Regulation and Executive Function. Journal of Research on Adolescence [Internet]. Wiley; 2019 Jun;29(2):334–44. [PubMed]
- Chaieb L, Antal A, Derner M, Leszczyński M, Fell J. New perspectives for the modulation of mind-wandering using transcranial electric brain stimulation. Neuroscience [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2019 Jun;409:69–80. [PubMed]
- Mowlem FD, Agnew-Blais J, Pingault J-B, Asherson P. Evaluating a scale of excessive mind wandering among males and females with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from a population sample. Scientific Reports [Internet]. Springer Nature; 2019 Feb 28;9(1). [PubMed]
- Mrazek MD, Phillips DT, Franklin MS, Broadway JM, Schooler JW. Young and restless: validation of the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2013;4. [PubMed]
- Kieran C.R. Fox a,⁎, R. Nathan Spreng b,c, Melissa Ellamil a, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna d, Kalina Christoff a,eThe wandering brain: Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of mind-wandering and related spontaneous thought processes. NeuroImage Volume 111, 1 May 2015, Pages 611-62.
- Randall JG, Oswald FL, Beier ME. Mind-wandering, cognition, and performance: A theory-driven meta-analysis of attention regulation. Psychological Bulletin [Internet]. American Psychological Association (APA); 2014 Nov;140(6):1411–31.
- McVay JC, Kane MJ. Why does working memory capacity predict variation in reading comprehension? On the influence of mind wandering and executive attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General [Internet]. American Psychological Association (APA); 2012 May;141(2):302–20.
- Johnson SU, Hoffart A. Metacognitive Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy:A Network Approach. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2018 Nov 30;9. [PubMed]
- Drescher LH, Van den Bussche E, Desender K. Absence without leave or leave without absence: Examining the interrelations among mind wandering, metacognition and cognitive control. Chao L, editor. PLOS ONE [Internet]. Public Library of Science (PLoS); 2018 Feb 9;13(2):e0191639. [PubMed]
- McPhillips R, Salmon P, Wells A, Fisher P. Qualitative Analysis of Emotional Distress in Cardiac Patients From the Perspectives of Cognitive Behavioral and Metacognitive Theories: Why Might Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Have Limited Benefit, and Might Metacognitive Therapy Be More Effective? Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2019 Jan 4;9. [PubMed]
- Vogel PA, Hagen R, Hjemdal O, Solem S, Smeby MCB, Strand ER, et al. Metacognitive Therapy Applications in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Exploratory Study of the Individual and Combined Effects of the Attention Training Technique and Situational Attentional Refocusing. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology [Internet]. SAGE Publications; 2016 May 16;7(4):608–18.
- Østergaard T, Lundgren T, Zettle R, Jonassen R, Harmer CJ, Stiles TC, et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy preceded by an experimental Attention Bias Modification procedure in recurrent depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. Springer Nature; 2018 Mar 27;19(1). [PubMed]
- Wersebe H, Lieb R, Meyer AH, Hofer P, Gloster AT. The link between stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2018 Jan;18(1):60–8. [PubMed]
- Malmir T, Jafari H, Ramezanalzadeh Z, Heydari J. Determining the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Life Expectancy and Anxiety Among Bereaved Patients. Materia Socio Medica [Internet]. ScopeMed International Medical Journal Management and Indexing System; 2017;29(4):242. [PubMed]
- Gray R, Hillel S, Brown E, Al Ghareeb A. Safety and Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Methods and Protocols [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2018 Oct 24;1(4):38.
- Rose MR, Norton S, Vari C, Edwards V, McCracken L, Graham CD, et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Muscle Disease (ACTMus): protocol for a two-arm randomised controlled trial of a brief guided self-help ACT programme for improving quality of life in people with muscle diseases. BMJ Open [Internet]. BMJ; 2018 Oct;8(10):e022083. [PubMed]
- Wynne B, McHugh L, Gao W, Keegan D, Byrne K, Rowan C, et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Reduces Psychological Stress in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2019 Mar;156(4):935–945.e1. [PubMed]
- González-Fernández S, Fernández-Rodríguez C. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Cancer: Review of Applications and Findings. Behavioral Medicine [Internet]. Informa UK Limited; 2018 Mar 20;1–15. [PubMed]
- Pirnia B, Akhondi M, Pirnia K, Malekanmehr P, Farzaneh S, Deilam K, ... & Zahiroddin AR. A Single-Case Experimental Design to Study the Combination of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Smoking Cessation. Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences, January 2019; 6.1. 136–139.
- Pirnia B, Pirnia K, Aghajanpoor M, Mardan F, Zahiroddin A. Relationship between function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and executive functions in chronic methamphetamine users: A cross-sectional study. Asian Journal of Psychiatry [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2018 Jun;35:113–4. [PubMed]
- Pirnia B, Pirnia K. Effectiveness of Oxytocin on Reducing Alcohol Consumption and Depression Syndrome in a Patient with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. International Journal of Cancer Management [Internet]. Kowsar Medical Institute; 2018 Oct 16;In Press(In Press).
- Mrazek MD, Phillips DT, Franklin MS, Broadway JM, Schooler JW. Young and restless: validation of the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2013;4.
- Mayer B, Polak MG, Remmerswaal D. Mindfulness, Interpretation Bias, and Levels of Anxiety and Depression: Two Mediation Studies. Mindfulness [Internet]. Springer Nature; 2018 Apr 12;10(1):55–65. [PubMed]
- Pirnia B, Golshani G. Comparison of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) On the Severity of Fatigue, Improvement of Sleep Quality and Resilience in a Patient with Prostate Cancer: A Single-Case Experimental Study. International Journal of Cancer Management [Internet]. Kowsar Medical Institute; 2019 Feb 27;In Press(In Press).
- Cherry MG, Salmon P, Byrne A, Ullmer H, Abbey G, Fisher PL. Qualitative Evaluation of Cancer Survivors’ Experiences of Metacognitive Therapy: A New Perspective on Psychotherapy in Cancer Care. Frontiers in Psychology [Internet]. Frontiers Media SA; 2019 May 1;10. [PubMed]
- Smallwood J, Schooler JW. The Science of Mind Wandering: Empirically Navigating the Stream of Consciousness. Annual Review of Psychology [Internet]. Annual Reviews; 2015 Jan 3;66(1):487–518.
- Wells A, Walton D, Lovell K, Proctor D. Metacognitive therapy versus prolonged exposure in adults with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: A parallel randomised controlled trial. Cognit Ther Res. 2015;39:70–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-014-9636-6.
- Pirnia B, Pirnia K & Zahiroddin A. Auricular Acupuncture for Craving in a Single-subject Case Study of Woman with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Ecstasy Use. Iran J Public Health. 2018 Jul 47(7), 1055-1057.
- Pirnia B, Mohamadi A.R, Zahiroddin A, Bazargan NM, Malekanmehr P & Pirnia K. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Auricular Acupuncture in Suicidal Ideation and Cortisol Level in Dysthymic Patients with Comorbid Opiate Use Disorders Enrolled in Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2019; 13(2):e12498: 1-5.
- Abstract Viewed: 453 times
- PDF Downloaded: 120 times