Ethical and Islamic Considerations about Transgenic Animals
Abstract
For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.
Background and Objectives: Biotechnology has wide applications in various fields of medicine, industry, agriculture and environment and as a high technology will play an important role in the future of the world. Transgenic animals due to causing theoretically and practically problems are ethical concerns. Species identity of this type of animals is morally confusion. Since transgenic animals must endure the transfer of a specific gene in their genome, the severe consequences may be achieved from this insertion. Unlike animals have undergone horizontal gene transfer during evolution, transgenic animals are not protected by evolutionary processes of gene loss and gain. Therefore, the protection of animals and consumers rights should be considered if the use of this technology will be continued. Produced transgenic animals as clinical models are designed so that they show as much as possible all of the relevant features and symptoms of disease. Scientific debate is whether humans are allowed to manipulate genetic characteristics only for achieving their goals. As the above contents indicate special rules and supervision should be established to prevent any deviation and unethical use of biotechnology. In Islam, researchers have different opinions about using transgenic organisms. The use of genetically modified crops and consequently research and development of technologies related to them are permitted in Shia religion but this permission is subject to observe various aspects of the safety and ethics need to be provided. In the present study, we investigated the application of transgenic animals, the view of Islam(Shia) to transgenic organisms and genetically modified crops, as well as the need to comply with ethical issues in researches and experiments on animals within the framework of internationally accepted rules and Islamic regulations.
Keywords: Transgenic animals, Biotechnology, Ethical considerations, Animals Rights
For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.
References
Mani P. Animal welfare problems concerning the use of transgenic animals. ALTEX Journal; 1998.15(1): 32-33.
Noori- Daloii MR. Medical Molecular Genetics in the third millennium; 1389: 62-69.
Khosravi M, Ghaznavi A, kazemi M. Place of transgenic animals in cell biotechnology and its role as a biological reactor in genetic engineering. The Sixth Congress of Basic Sciences, Rey Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers Club; 2007. (Full Text in Persion)
Eghbalsaied S, Ghaedi K, Forouzanfar M, Hajian M, Hosseini SM, Nasr-e-Esfahan MH. Science and technology of farm animal Transgenesis.Journal of Yakhteh Medical ;2009.11(2):78-87. .(Full Text in Persion)
Colman A. Dolly, Polly and other 'ollys': likely impact of cloning technology on biomedical uses of livestock. Genet Anal Journal; 1999. 15(3-5):167-73.
Noori-Daloii M.R, Nikpoor P. Transgenic animals. Tehran University Medical Journal 2002;60(6):502-518. (Full Text in Persion)
Van Zutphen LFM. Use of Animals in Research: A Science - Society Controversy. ALTEX Journal;1998. 3(02): 140-144.
Kazemi AH, Razmaraii N, Samadirad B. Animals’ rights in biomedical research. Quarterly Med Ethics;2011. 5(15): 63-82. (Full Text in Persion)
Omobowale EB, Singer PA, Daar AS. The three main monotheistic religions and gm food technology: an overview of perspectives. BMC International Health and Human Rights; 2009. 9: 18.
Anonymous. Genetics, genetic engineering and human genes, and genetic treatment-an Islamic perspective. http://www.islamset.com/bioethics/genetics/genetics. html (accessed in 2013).
Hazzah K. Are GMO's halal?
http://www.agbioworld.org/biotechinfo/religion/halal.html (accessed in 2012).
Godfray HC, Beddington JR, Crute IR, et al. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people. Science; 2010. 327(5967): 812-8.
Allahyari Frad N. A study of Islamic (Shia) views about consumption of genetically modified organisms products. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine ; 2013. 6 (1) .74-83. (Full Text in Persion)
Larijani B. Health care professional and ethical issues, Vol.1: Essential of medical ethics. 1st ed. Tehran: Barai-e-Farda Press; 2004.p. 13-19. (Full Text in Persion)
Naeini A, Rabbani M. Islamic viewpoints about animal rights in the Holy Quran and Hadith. Daneshvar, Scientific-res Journal Shahed University 2000; 7 (26) : 50-43. (Full Text in Persion)
Thompson PB. Food biotechnology's challenge to cultural integrity and individual consent. Hastings Center Report;1997.27(4):34-8.
De Boer HA. Transgenesis; applications, welfare and ethics. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd journal ;1990. 15;115(12):570-4.
Dyck MK, Lacroix D, Pothier F, Sirard MA. Making recombinant proteins in animals--different systems, different applications. Trends Biotechnol 2003; 21(9):394-9.
Wivel NA, Walters L. Germ-line gene modification and disease prevention: some medical and ethical perspectives. Science ;1993. 22.262(5133):533-538.
Bramstedt KA. Arguments for the ethical permissibility of transgenic xenografting. Gene Therapy Journal; 2000. 7(8). 633–634.
David H, Alexander K. Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Clinical Experience and Future Direction. Annals of cardiothoracic surgery Journal; 2000. 70(1). 320 -326.
Ravelingien A, Braeckman J. To the core of porcine matter: evaluating arguments against producing transgenic pigs. xenotransplantation journal; 2004.11(4):371-375.
Hughes J. Xenografting: ethical issues. Journal Medical Ethics; 1998. 24. 18-24
Singer P. The significance of Animal suffering, Ethics and animals. Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science ;1990. 13, 9-12, 45-49.
B´eatrice de Montera. Genomics and ethics: the case of cloned and/or transgenic animals. Comp Funct Genom Journal; 2003.4(1).26–30.
Campbell A, Gillett G, Jones G. Medical ethics: Organ and tissue transplanation. UK: Oxford University press; 2001.129-149.
Hou S. Expanding the kidney donor pool: ethical and medical consideration. Kidney International ;2000. 58. 1820-36.
Dibaie A. An abstracts of ethics and medical law. 1st ed. Qom: Maaref Publication Office; 2003. p. 230-263. (Full Text in Persion)
Frati L, Foà R, Frati P.The patentability of living organisms between science, law and ethics. Forum (Genoa, Italy) Journal Impact Factor & Information; 1999.9(3 Suppl 3):8-14.
Fiane AE, Geiran OR, Soreide O, Thorsby E, Aasen AO.Transplantation of animal organs (xenotransplantation), Status and future development. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Journal;1997 . 20.117(8):1071-6.
Mepham TB. Transgenesis in farm animals: ethical implications for public policy. Politics and the Life Sciences Journal ;1994.13(2):195-203.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Under Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing (June 20, 2003), cience-research Journal of Pizhūhish dar dīn va salāmat are fully compliant with open access mandates, by publishing its articles under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Authors retain copyright of their work and can deposit their publication in any repository. This means that articles can be freely reused by the author and others as long as the article is properly cited. Published articles in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Journals can be deposited immediately into an online repository without any cost. This articles can be, printed, archived in a collection, included in course-packs, and distributed without restrictions. Please read the full Creative Commons License for further information.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
