Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract

Background and aim

Needle stick injuries are one of the most important threats for the nursing staff in teaching hospitals.

this study aimed to determine incidence, risk factors and protective factors of needle stick injuries in

nursing staff.

Materials and Methods

In a cross sectional study, we gathered information on needle stick injuries from March 2007 up to

March 2010. All nurses in Bou-aAli Sina teaching hospital (n=246) included in the study (census).

A questionnaire which consisted of questions on demographic characteristics, working habits,

history of related training courses, educational level, work experiences and injury-related

information. Was administerd Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed by content

validity and test-retest (r=0.89) methods respectively. Epi Info 3.5.1 package was used for statistical

analysis.

Findings

Needle stick injury was reported in 77 nurses out of 246 in different positions. Independent risk

factors for needle stick injuries were habitual recapping of used needles and consecutive shift

works. Overall 54.5% of incidents were reported to hospital infection control facilities. Male gender

and younger age had significant statistical association with lower likelihood of reporting of needle

stick injuries.

Conclusion

According to the complications of needle stick injuries, training programs in this field are one of the

priorities in the teaching hospitals. In addition, decrease in consecutive shift works for nurses may

have a significant impact on prevention of these injuries in nursing staff.

Keywords

*

Sciences, Qazvin Iran

E-mail:

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-Norsayani MY Noor HI (2003). Study on incidence of needle stick injury and factors associated with this problem

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Abstract

Background and aim

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are unpredictable; they vary from person to person, and from

time to time in the same individual

the health status of MS. Therefore, we undertook this study on physical health status in MS patients

Materials and Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on 119 MS patients, recruited through convenience

sampling. Data were collected using the physical section of the "Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life

Inventory (MSQLI)", with 78 items and 0.93 Cronbach's coefficient that translated to Persian and

adapted to Iranian culture by researchers.

Findings

The physical health status was moderate in 49.6%. The lowest mean score percent was for physical

component 41.06

87.05(16.1). Physical components indicated a significant positive correlation with fatigue impact,

pain effect and bladder control. We found a significant positive correlation between fatigue impact

with pain effects, sexual satisfaction, and bladder and bowel control. Moreover, significant positive

correlations were found between pain effects with sexual satisfaction and bowel control; sexual

satisfaction and bladder and bowel control; bladder control and bowel control.

Conclusion

These findings may assist health care providers to identify patients at risk of aggravating physical

health status; thus allowing appropriate and timely interventions to be conducted.

Keywords

Sexual Dysfunction, Visual Dysfunction.

*

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

E-mail:

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Abstract

Background and Aim

Materials and Methods

R

R

Findings

Conclusion:

Keywords:

Corresponding Author:

Email:

t_ashktorab@sbmu.ac.ir

Tahereh Ashketorab. Department of Medical–Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and

Midwifery. Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Self-efficacy, Self-care behaviors, Congestive heart failure

Self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in CHF patients are not at a desirable level which needs to be

promoted within self-care programs. Self-efficacy, as the most important CHF-related self-care, has got a high level of

importance. Therefore, self-efficacy must be reinforced especially in these patients that seem to be weaker in this

domain.

: The average age of patients was 64.97±13.53 years old and 55.3 percent of the samples were male. The

amount of self-care behaviors by patients was moderate (average scores of 39.54) and correlated to education, place of

living and disease education but its relation to age, sex, gob, marital status, disease class, ejection fraction and addiction

to smoking, opium and alcohol was not statistically significant. The amount of self-efficiency of the majority of patients

was moderate (average scores of 26.60) and it was also related to age, marital status, education, disease class and

addiction to opium but its relation to sex, job, place of living, ejection fraction, disease education and addiction to

smoking and alcohol was not statistically significant. There was a direct and strong correlation between self-efficiency

and self-care behaviors (P< 0.001, r=0.623). Given that the correlation coefficient of Pearson in this study is positive

and close to 1 (r = 0.623), it indicates that self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-care behaviors and its

respective variance was 39%.

=0.80) and test-retest (r=0.85). The data were analyzed using the

SPSS software (version 16).

=0.85), test-retest (r=0.80), and the reliability of the European Heart Failure self-care

behaviors scale was figured by internal consistency (

: The study had a descriptive, correlational design. The method used for sampling was

capitation and the study samples consisted of 150 patients under treatment referring to internal heart wards of Tohid

hospital in Sanandaj. Three questionnaires were used in this study including:

1) Demographic and disease information 2) Cardiac self – efficacy Sullivan scale 3) European Heart Failure Self-care

behaviors scale

Second and third scales were used to record self–efficacy and self-care behaviors through interviewing each subject into

private. After determining content and face validities, the reliability of the cardiac self–efficacy Sullivan scale was

figured by internal consistency (

: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) as a chronic disease demands special self-care behaviors lifelong.

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in hospitals affiliated with Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Master Disseration of

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-Azarpad M (2005). [Examination the correlation between self-care behaviors and self-care needs in patients with CHF

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-Bandura A (1997).Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H.Freeman.

-Chlebowy D Garvin B (2006). Social support, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations: impact on self-care behaviors

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786.

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Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.7 (3) 171-181.

-Gonzaleza B Lupon J Parajon T et al (2006

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within orem’s general theory of nursing

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behaviour scale.The European Journal of Heart Failure.5 (3) 363-370.

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Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

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edition.Tehran. Tabalvor publication. (Persian).

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patients referring to Yazd Diabetes Research Center].Birjand University of Medical Science Joournal. 15 (4) 91-99.

(Persian).

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trated iv health centers related to kordestan medical university.Master Disseration of Nursing Education ].Nursing and

Midwifery School.Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. (Persian).

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editin.Ghom

Medical Sciences and Health Services University. (Persian).

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with CHF]. Rehabilitation. 10 (2) 21-27. (Persian).

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mixed method study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 47 (7) 888-895.

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care in patients diabet type 2]. Hayat. 15(4)69-78. (Persian).

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school of Nursing & midwifery. Master Disseration of Nursing Education]. Nursing and Midwifery School Shahid

Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Persian).

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behaviors and its perceived benefits and barriers in patients with Heart Failure in Tehran. Payavard Salamat.2 (4) 43-55

- Shojaee F Asemi S Najaf Yarandi A et al (2006). [Examination the correlation between self-care behaviors with

quality of life in patints with CHF].Iranian Nursing Magazine.18 (44) 49-56 (Persian).

- Shojaee F Asemi S Najaf Yarandi A et al (2009). [Self-care behaviors in patients with CHF]. Payesh Faslnameh. 8 (4)

361-369. (Persian).

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therapeutic diet in older adults with end stage renal diseases. Journal of Renal Nutrition

.

11(2). 80-89

These patients in order to control the problems of this disease need self-care behaviors. So, recognition of these

behaviors and encouragement patients to participate and acceptance the responsibility of doing these behaviors lead to

control the problems of this disease. Self-efficacy is a basis for promoting self-care behaviors in CHF which play a

major role in treatment and control of the complications. Self-efficacy is proposed as a concept of social learning theory

and a construct of health belief model, particularly when the model is used for predicting simple lifestyle changes in

chronic diseases. This study was designed and carried out to determine the status of this construct and its related factors

and also, its correlation with self-care behaviors among patients with CHF.

Background and aim

Increasing global approach to men's participation in care and reproductive health programs, in the

past 15 years, has created a need to research on men’s encouragement to take responsibility for their

families’ health through Men's participation. Therefore, the aim the present study is to determine

men's participation in reproductive health care programs during pregnancy, in health clinics

affiliated to Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences. In 1388.

Material & methods:

This was a descriptive study on 400 cases that had at least one child under 2 years and familly file in

health clinics coverage Shahid Beheshti University. Sampling was multi-stage cluster Nonrandomized

and research instrument was a questionnaire

Findings

According to the findings of the study, the mean age of participant was (37/27±5/56). (60/2 Percent)

had a child and pregnancy in (24/8 Percent) was scheduled. Generally (74/2 Percent) men

demonstrated good cooperation and participation and (0/25) had relative participation (89/0Percent)

men had good knowledge and (11/0 Percent) had relative knowledge. There was Significant

relationship between participation and education (p<0/0001), If higher education participation

was low. There was Significant relationship between participation and job involvement (p<0/004).

There was highest participation (83/9 Percent) in men whose job was lndependent. Also between the

term Marriage and Participation was found Significant relationship (p<0/0001). There was

Significant relationship between kind of Pregnancy and participation (P<0/0001) if It was planned

to increase participation.

Conclusions:

childbirth that showe good oppurtunity for education and counseling before pregnancy that is good

oppurtunity for Training men by expert person can enhance men

and childbirth.

Keywords:

*Corresponding Author:

Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail

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http://www.magiran.com/temp/mag-pdf/272013/1586-20457240-B91.pdf„

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Panamericana Salud Publica. 18 (3) 149-156

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Midwifery.17 (3) 20-26.

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Science.6 (3) 151-9.

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-Ghandi M (2009). [Male participation in maternal health]. Women´ s mahnameh.147

I

88. (Persian).

http://www.magiran.com/magtoc.asp?mgID=1095&

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connections and a proposed practical approach. Bulletin of the World Health Organization.

http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/8/07-050500/en /print. html (Accessed on 30/05/2010).

http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/8/07-050500/en/index.html

Kinanee J Ezekiel-Hart J (2009) Men as partners in maternal health: Implications for reproductive health counselling in

Rivers State, Nigeria. African Journal of Psychology and Counseling Vol. 1 (3), pp. 039–044.

-Orji EO Adegbenro CO Moses OO etal (2007). Men´ s involvement in safe motherhood. Journal of Turkish- German

Gynecology Association.8 (3) 240 -248.

-Rahman MM (2009).Factors associated with delivery assistance: Dose differentials exist between Rural and Urban

areas in Bangladesh? The Internet Journal of Family Practice 7(2)38-49

-Soul Sista. Inactive (2007). Men: Effective Partners for Safe Motherhood.

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Geneva: World Health Organization.

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Health Organization, Geneva, 2005

World Health Organization (2002). http://www.who.int/whr/2005/02_ contents_en.pdf

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WHO Regional Advisers in Reproductive Health WHO /PAHO Washington DC, USA, 5–7 September 2001, World

Health Organization, Geneva, http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002

Abstract

Background and Aim

The internal environment of any organization is an effective factor on change management. There

are many effective factors which should be determined and utilized for change management in any

organization including nursing and midwifery schools. So, this study aimed to explore

organizational internal environment of nursing and midwifery schools and it's effect on change

management.

Materials and methods

This study was the qualitative part of a mixed exploratory study. The participants were recruited by

purposeful sampling method from the managers of Tehran schools of nursing and midwifery. Data

were gathered by semi-structured interviews and

analysis.

Findings

Totally, 171 conceptual codes were extracted which were categorized in 3 themes including

changing process, internal organizational environment and external organizational environment.

Internal organizational environment had 10 subcategories in 3 main categories including

managerial-, organizational- and individual-factors

Conclusion:

managerial-, organizational- and individual-factors. Faculty members, manager's duties, education,

attitude and other factors should be considered for change management in schools of nursing and

midwifery.

Keywords:

*Corresponding Author: Alice Khachian, Ph.D student of nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery,

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

E-mail

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-Saka A (2003). Internal Change Agents' View of the Management of Change Problem. Journal of Organizational

Change Management. 16 (5) 480-496.

-Salsali M Parvizi S Adib Hajbagheri M(2004). [Qualitative Research Methods]; 1st edition, Tehran Boshra

Publications. (Persian).

-Streubert Speziale HJ, Carpenter Rinaldi D(2007). Qualitative Research in Nursing, Advancing the Humanistic

Imperative. 4

th

edition. Philadelphia, Lippincott-Williams &Wilkins.

-Van Dijk R Van Dick R (2009).Navigating Organizational Change: Change Leaders, Employee Resistance and Work-

Based Identities. Journal of Change Management. 9(2)143-63.

Abstract

Background and objective

Although “parents' participation in taking care of hospitalized children” is considered as an

indispensible principle today, it is still among the concepts with no consensus about it. The main

objective of this study is to define “parents' participation in taking care of hospitalized children”

using hybrid model.

Materials and methods

In this research analysis of “parental participation in parents' participation in taking care of

hospitalized children” was performed using a hybrid model in three steps: literature review

(theoretical step), field work, and combination of literature review and field work.

Findings

Based on the step of literature review, the best definition for the concept of “parental participation in

taking care of hospitalized children” was selected. In the field work step, dimensions of mentioned

concept were extracted; and finally definition of this concept by mixing theoretical and field work

step was proposed as: mutual relationship and gaining parents’ trust, giving required information

and educations to the parents about care and treatment process, asking parents for doing needed

home care jobs, involving the parents in care processes, and finally defining participation/decision

making authorities (clarifying the parents role).

Conclusion

The findings of this study elucidated dimensions of parental participation in NICU where giving

attention to them can lead to their putting to practice.

Key Words

*Corresponding Author:

Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

E-mail

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Abstract

Introduction

Outcomes of unintended pregnancies may endanger reproductive health. Studies have shown that

women with unintended pregnancies are less likely to care for their health promotion activities,

adequate nutrition and their fetus’ health.The objective of this cross sectional study was to compare

unintended and intended pregnancy outcomes.

Material and method

A descriptive design was used for this study. A sample of 225 women attended to Tehran hospitals

in 2007 were included in the study. Participants of the study were selected by stratified sampling

method. An information form was used to collect data. Its validity and reliability were achieved by

content and test-retest methods, respectively. Pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, height ,

head and chest circumference and Apgar score were investigated. Data analysis was done using

SPSS 15 and t test,

Results

The mean age of participants was 25.86 (SD=4.6) years and 28% of participants reported their

pregnancy as unintended. There was a significant association between unintended pregnancy and

head circumference, p<0.05. Although, there were no significant association between unintended

pregnancy and the other outcomes, these outcomes were poorer in the unintended pregnancy group

as compared to the intended pregnancy group.

Conclusion

With regard to these results, it was hoped that the results of this study could emphasis on the

efficiency of our data as a robust basis for future interventions regarding preventive strategies to

decrease unintended pregnancy

Key word:

score

*Corresponding Author:

Ahvaz Joundishapur University of medical sciences and health services.

E-mail

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pregnancy. Contraception. 81(4)316-22.

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city.Payesh journal.6 (1) 63-70.

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Abstract

Background and aim

Technology and development in the field of health and treatment has been lead to the production

and delivery of synthetic drugs and chemical compounds in this field, But because of low efficacy

and undesirable side effects some of these drugs are considered as a potential threat to human

health. There fore this nutritional approach and use of herbal medicines has been common in many

countries. Green tea that is the most common be average in the world and especially in East Asia

(China - Japan) is known as one of the powerful antioxidants due to having poly phenolic flavonoid

compounds. Evidences show that so far, experimental studies (clinical) have been done on small

scale animal and human samples to verify the therapeutic properties of polyphenols compounds of

green tea. The purpose of this paper is to provide the therapeutic effects of green tea that are

confirmed at different researches.

Materials and methods

To achieve researches and studies related to the effects of green tea, these sites were investigated:"

Medline, Irandoc, Elsevier, scpous, pubmed scholar, by using the following keywords "tea, green

tea, flavonoids, catechin, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycmic (diabetes), stroke, vascular heart,

cancer and depression, and totally 55 articles from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed and summarized.

Findings

The results of these studies have introduced the green tea, as a matter of anti-inflammatory, anticancer,

anti cholesterol, anti-diabetic, anti-mutation, anti-microbial, anti-stroke and so on. It is also

proved to be effective in genital warts. In addition bioactive components of green tea (catechin and

caffeine) stimulates the sympathetic system resulting in increased heat production and fat oxidation

in the body and in this way they perform their anti-obesity function.

Conclusion

According to the results of the studies, it appears that green tea is as a low-risk supplement

treatment for certain diseases and health problems and is considered as the most common safe drink,

but further researches are necessary to examine its effects.

Key words:

*Corresponding Author:

E-mail:

-

Alexopoulos N et al (2010). Role of green tea in reduction of cardiovascular risk factors.Nutrition and Dietary

Supplements. 11 (2) 85-95.

-Arab L Liuw Elashoff D (2009).Green and black tea consumption and risk of stroke: Ameta-analysis. Stroke.40(1)

1786-1792.

-Basu A et al (2010). Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipid and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with

metabolic syndrome. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 29 (1) 31-40.

-Bettuzzi S et al (2006). A chemo prevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechin in

volunteers with high-grade prostat intraepithelial neoplasia: A preliminary report from a one – year proof –of –principle

study. Cancer Research. 66 (2) 1234-1240.

-Brown Al et al (2009). Effect of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallatechin -3-gallate on

insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: randomized controlled trail.British Journal Nutrition.101(6)886-

894.

-Bose M et al (2008). The major green tea polyphenol (-) epigallo catechin -3 - gallate inhibits obesity metabolic

syndrome and fatty liver disease in high –fat-fed mice. The Journal of Nutrition. 138 (9) 1677-1683.

-Chad E et al (2010). Green tea polyphenol epigallocate chin gallate reduces endothelin-1 expressionand secretion in

vascular endothelial cells.Endocrinology.151(1) 103-114.

-Chen Z et al (2004). A study on the association between tea consumption and stroke.Zhonghua liu Xing Bing Xue Za

Zhi. 25 (8) 666-670.

-Choan E et al (2005). A pros pective clinical trial of green tea for hormone refrancetory prostate cancer: an evaluation

of the complementary /alternative therapy approach. Urol Oncol. 23 (2) 108-113.

-Craig S Tiffany S (2009).Green Tea: Potential healt benefits. American Family Physicion.79 (7) 591-594.

-DiePvens K et al (2005). Effect of green tea on resting eneygy expenditure and sabstate oxidation during Weight loss in

oVerWeight Females. British Journal Nutrition. 94 (4) 1026-1034.

-DiePvens K et al (2006). Metabolic Effects of green ea and of phases of Weight looSS. Physiol Behav. 87(1) 185-191.

-Erba D et al (2005). Effectiveness of moderate green tea consumption on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile

in humans.Journal Nurtion Biochem.16 (1) 144-49.

-Fukino Y et al (2005). Randomized controlled trial foran effect of green tea consumption on insulin resistance and

inflammation markers.Journal Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 51 (1) 335-342.

-Hininger-Favier I et al (2009). Green tea extract Decreases oxidative stress and improves Insulin sensitivity in an

animal model of Insulin resistance, the fructose –fed rat. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 28 (4) 355-361.

-HuaHsu C et al (2008). EFFect of green tea extract on obese Women : A randomized

, double blind ,

PlaCebo _

controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition. 27 (3) 363-370.

-Iwai N et al (2002). Relationship between coffe and green tea consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of a rural

Japanese population.Journal Epidemiol. 12 (3) 191-198.

-Iwaniec UT et al (2009). Consumption of green tea extract results in osteopenia in growing male mice. The American

Institute of Nutrition. 139 (10) 1914-1919.

-Josic J et al (2010). Dose green tea affect postprandial glucose,insulin and satiety in healthy subjects : arandom ized

controlled trial.Nutrition Journal. 30 (9) 63-70.

-Jung C et al (2006). Associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of adiponectin gene coronarg arterg

diseases.Endocrine Journal. 53 (1) 671-7.

-Karaca T et al (2010). Effects of extract of green tea and ginseng on pancreatic Beta cells and levels of serum glucose,

Insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in rats with experimentally Streptozotocin – Induced diabetes. Journal of Animal

and Veterinary Advances. 9 (1) 102-107.

-Kajiya K et al (2008). Solid-state NMR analysis of the orientation and dgnamics of epigallocatechin gallate a green tea

polgphenol incorporated into lipid bilayers.Magnetic Resonance chemistry. 46 (2) 174-7.

-

Alexopoulos N et al (2010). Role of green tea in reduction of cardiovascular risk factors.Nutrition and Dietary

Supplements. 11 (2) 85-95.

-Arab L Liuw Elashoff D (2009).Green and black tea consumption and risk of stroke: Ameta-analysis. Stroke.40(1)

1786-1792.

-Basu A et al (2010). Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipid and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with

metabolic syndrome. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 29 (1) 31-40.

-Bettuzzi S et al (2006). A chemo prevention of human prostate cancer by oral administration of green tea catechin in

volunteers with high-grade prostat intraepithelial neoplasia: A preliminary report from a one – year proof –of –principle

study. Cancer Research. 66 (2) 1234-1240.

-Brown Al et al (2009). Effect of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallatechin -3-gallate on

insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: randomized controlled trail.British Journal Nutrition.101(6)886-

894.

-Bose M et al (2008). The major green tea polyphenol (-) epigallo catechin -3 - gallate inhibits obesity metabolic

syndrome and fatty liver disease in high –fat-fed mice. The Journal of Nutrition. 138 (9) 1677-1683.

-Chad E et al (2010). Green tea polyphenol epigallocate chin gallate reduces endothelin-1 expressionand secretion in

vascular endothelial cells.Endocrinology.151(1) 103-114.

-Chen Z et al (2004). A study on the association between tea consumption and stroke.Zhonghua liu Xing Bing Xue Za

Zhi. 25 (8) 666-670.

-Choan E et al (2005). A pros pective clinical trial of green tea for hormone refrancetory prostate cancer: an evaluation

of the complementary /alternative therapy approach. Urol Oncol. 23 (2) 108-113.

-Craig S Tiffany S (2009).Green Tea: Potential healt benefits. American Family Physicion.79 (7) 591-594.

-DiePvens K et al (2005). Effect of green tea on resting eneygy expenditure and sabstate oxidation during Weight loss in

oVerWeight Females. British Journal Nutrition. 94 (4) 1026-1034.

-DiePvens K et al (2006). Metabolic Effects of green ea and of phases of Weight looSS. Physiol Behav. 87(1) 185-191.

-Erba D et al (2005). Effectiveness of moderate green tea consumption on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile

in humans.Journal Nurtion Biochem.16 (1) 144-49.

-Fukino Y et al (2005). Randomized controlled trial foran effect of green tea consumption on insulin resistance and

inflammation markers.Journal Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 51 (1) 335-342.

-Hininger-Favier I et al (2009). Green tea extract Decreases oxidative stress and improves Insulin sensitivity in an

animal model of Insulin resistance, the fructose –fed rat. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 28 (4) 355-361.

-HuaHsu C et al (2008). EFFect of green tea extract on obese Women : A randomized

, double blind ,

PlaCebo _

controlled clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition. 27 (3) 363-370.

-Iwai N et al (2002). Relationship between coffe and green tea consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of a rural

Japanese population.Journal Epidemiol. 12 (3) 191-198.

-Iwaniec UT et al (2009). Consumption of green tea extract results in osteopenia in growing male mice. The American

Institute of Nutrition. 139 (10) 1914-1919.

-Josic J et al (2010). Dose green tea affect postprandial glucose,insulin and satiety in healthy subjects : arandom ized

controlled trial.Nutrition Journal. 30 (9) 63-70.

-Jung C et al (2006). Associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of adiponectin gene coronarg arterg

diseases.Endocrine Journal. 53 (1) 671-7.

-Karaca T et al (2010). Effects of extract of green tea and ginseng on pancreatic Beta cells and levels of serum glucose,

Insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides in rats with experimentally Streptozotocin – Induced diabetes. Journal of Animal

and Veterinary Advances. 9 (1) 102-107.

-Kajiya K et al (2008). Solid-state NMR analysis of the orientation and dgnamics of epigallocatechin gallate a green tea

polgphenol incorporated into lipid bilayers.Magnetic Resonance chemistry. 46 (2) 174-7.

-Sun CL et al (2002).Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: prospective study of men in

shang –hai china. Carcinogenesis. 23 (9) 1497-1503.

-Sutherland B Rahman R Appleton I (2006). Mechanisms of action of green tea catechins with a focus on ischemiainduced

neurodegen-eration.Journal Nutrition Biochem. 17 (1) 291-306.

-Tanabe N et al (2008). Consumption of green and roasted teas and the risk of stroke Incidence results from the

Tokamachi-Nakasato Cohort stady in Japan.Int Journal Epidemiol. 37 (5) 1030-1040.

-Taso As et al (2009). Phse II randomized, placebo-controlled trial of green tea extract in patients with high- risk oral

premalignant lesions. Cancer Prevention Research. 2 (11) 931-941.

-Tokunagas et al (2002). Green tea consumption and serum lipids and lipoproteins in a population of healthy workers in

Japan.Ann Epidemiol. 12 (3) 157-165.

-Venables MC et al (2008). Green tea extracts ingestion fat oxidation and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. The

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 87 (3) 778-84.

-Vlachopoulos C et al (2003). Caffeine increases aortic stiffness in hypertensive patients.American Journal Hypertens.

16 (1) 63-66.

-Westertrep –plantenga MS, Lejeune Mp and kovacs E (2005). Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to

habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res. 13 (7) 1195-204.