Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract

Background and aim

High ethical reasoning ability is one of the main requirements of nursing profession. This ethical

reasoning should be improved in nursing student during educational period. It should be further

evolved during their independent clinical work as a nurse. Limited evidences are exist about the

level of ethical reasoning of nursing students and nurses in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study

was to compare the ethical reasoning of nursing students and nurses in Tabriz University of Medical

Sciences .

Materials and Methods

This descriptive-comparative study was performed on 115 nursing students and 269 nurses who

were selected by census. Nursing Dilemma Test NDT questionnaire was used for data collection. It

consists of 6 scenarios. Ethical reasoning score (Nursing Principled Thinking NP) was the sum of

scores of fifth and sixth levels of Kohlberg ethical development questionnaire. The scores varied

from 18 to 66. The data were analyzed using SPSS and by descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings

Ethical reasoning score of nursing students (48.9±6.5; mean±SD) was significantly higher than the

score of nurses (46.6±6.7) (p=0.02). Also it was found that NP scores of nurses working in medical

wards are significantly higher than scores of other wards nurses (p=0.02). NP scores were declined

by increasing of clinical experience (p= 0.04).

Conclusion

Lower NP scores of nurses comparing with NP scores of nursing students is an alarm for nursing

managers and need a special attention.

Keywords

*

Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

E-mail:

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Abstract

Background and aim:

health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on level of general

health of pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:

included 60 primigravid women referred to the prenatal-care clinic of Baghiatallah hospital in

Tehran. The participants were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups. The

experimental group was trained for 1.5-2 hours in groups with 3 to 4 members and then they began

to practice. No training was performed for control group. Level of general health of two groups was

investigated by general health questionnaire (GHQ-28), before and 8 weeks after the intervention.

Data were analyzed by analytic and descriptive statistical testes.

Findings:

8/13 weeks participated in the study. The education level of majority of participants was highschool

diploma and they have no history of exercise during pregnancy. Before intervention, the total scores

for GHQ were 38/06 and 29/46 in experimental and control groups, respectively. After intervention,

the total scores were 19/2 and 27/5 in experimental and control groups, respectively. T test showed a

significant difference between two groups his before and after the intervention (p<0/05). The mean

scores for all dimension of general health showed significant difference between two groups of

study (p<0/05).

Conclusion:

dimension of general health of pregnant women.

Keywords:

Corresponding Author:

Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran

Email:

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randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 204 (5) 402. E1-7.

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(Persian)

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General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in El Salvador. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology. 4(2) 389-

398

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exercisers and non-exercisers.The University of Melbourne, Victoria, The .Australian & New Zealand Journal of

Obstetrics Gynaecology.40 (4) 442-7.

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Gynecologica Scandinavica, 84 (1) 34-38

>

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Health Journal. 7 (1) 59-64

-Masoodzade A Khalilian A Ashrafi M et al (2002). Survey of status of psychology health of students of Sari high

school. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Science. 14 (45) 74-82 (Persian).

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recommendations and pregnancy outcomes. 40 (6) 493-507.

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41 (Persian).

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third trimester in Qom]. Master Thesis of physical education. Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modarres University

(Persian)

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pregnancy in pregnant women referred to educational hospitals of Tabriz]. Nursing and Midwifery Journal of Tabriz. 1

(3) 28-32 (Persian)

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and anxaeity. 28 (3) 234-42.

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Hypertension. 41(6) 1273-80

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nd

edition, Tehran, Roshd

Publication. 179-186 (Persian)

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Abstract

Background & Aim:

caregivers are increasingly recognizing the issue of moral distress. The aim of this study is to

describe Iranian nurses' experiences in moral distress.

Materials and Method

nurses from teaching hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences participated in the

study. The data were collected by in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed by constant

comparative contant analysis.

Result:

knowledge, ability, experience, responsibility and…), mental-affective reactions (including faulty,

defensive reactions, lack of motivation and…), laws and officials (including, limitation of laws and

contradictory of laws with ethics, religion, knowledge and ability) and circumstances of workplace

(including physical circumstances, manpower, facilities and equipments).

Conclusion:

ethics and promote the skills for encounter to moral distress.

Key words:

Corresponding Author:

Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran

Email:

REFERENCES

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Oberle k Hughes D (2001). Doctors and nurses perceptions of ethical problems in end-of-life decisions. Journal of

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Mitchell GJ (2002). Policy, procedure and routine: Masters of moral influence. Nursing Science Quarterly. 14(2) 109-

114

McVicar A (2003). Workplace stress in nursing: A Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 44(6) 633-642.

Mauleon AL Palo Bengtsson L Ekman SL (2005). Anaesthesia care of older patients as experienced by nurse

anaesthetists. Nursing Ethics. 12(3) 263–272.

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Canadian Nursing Association (2002). Code of ethics for registered nurses. Ottawa: Author. [On line].

http://www.nurses.ab.ca/Carna-Admin/Uploads/CNAcodeofEthics.pdf

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ca/CNA/documents/pdf/publication/Ethics_in_Practice.

Health care ethics committee

Abstract

Background and aim

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem in the world, affecting 30% of the world’s

population. Treatment of tuberculosis is the most effective strategy to stop the spread of the

disease. However, non-adherence remains an important cause of treatment failure. It is believed

self-efficacy may affect patient’s compliance to treatment regimen. The purpose of this study is to

determine the correlation between self-efficiency and treatment compliance in tuberculosis patients

attending to medical centers of Kurdistan University of medical sciences Kudistan, Iran.

Materials and Method

A descriptive-correlational design was used. The sample of the study consisted of 161 tuberculosis

patients attending to health centers in Kurdistan province .Data were collected using a self efficacy

questionnaire and the review of patients' medical records. he validity of the questionnaires were

determined by 12 experts through the content validity and formal validity methods. The minimum

index of content validity for self-efficiency questionnaire was calculated to be 75.5 percent and that

of compliance was 83.5 percent. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined using the

Krunbach's Alpha-Test. The coefficient of reliability for self-efficiency questionnaire and

compliance questionnaire were 0.94 and 0.97 respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16

software.

Findings

The average age for patients was 58±12 years old. 61.5 percent of studied samples were male and

the rest were female. The amount of compliance by patients was moderate (average scores of

30.23) and correlated to age, marital status, job, income level, education and place of living but, its

relation to gender was not statistically significant. The amount of self-efficiency of the majority of

patients was moderate (41.6 percent) and it was also related to age, marital status, job, income

level, education and place of living but its relation to gender was not statistically significant. There

was a direct and strong correlation between self-efficiency and compliance (P<0.001, r=0.90).

Conclusion

The reason why the compliance level in this study has been higher with respect to the previous

similar studies could be due to the implementation of direct supervision and control system over

treatment. In this study there was a significant correlation between compliance and self-efficiency

which was in consistency with most studies in this field while in Hamilton (2000) no significant

correlation between the two variables was reported. Given that the correlation coefficient of

Pearson in this study is positive and close to 1 (P < 0.001, r = 0.90), it indicates a direct and strong

correlation between the two variables of self-efficiency and compliance.

Corresponding Author:

Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,

Tehran Iran

REFERENCES

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-

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rehabilation population. A Thesis for the Degree of Master of Science in Physical Activity Studies. University of

Regina

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-Immunodeficiency Virus treatment adherence. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 44 (4)403-410

-Pishkar Mofrad Z (2001). [Knowledge and attitudes of tuberculosis patients regarding the disease, and treatment

compliance].MS in nursing Thesis. Shahid beheshti Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. Tehran Iran.(Persian)

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Phamacology Professional Doctoral Thesis. Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Tehran

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tuberculosis]. Proceedings of 18th National Congress on Tuberculosis. Ministry of Health and Medical Education.176.

(Persian)

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emergency department visits and hospitalization in adults with asthma.The Journal of Acute and Critical Care.30 (4)

250-257

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Abstract

Background and Aim

ER nurses are at risk of violence due to the nature of their job and confrontation with a variety of

patients as well as heavy workload. This can, in turn, leads to decreased quality of care. This

descriptive study was conducted to identify prevalence and causes of violence toward nurses at ERs

of hospitals affiliated with Medical Universities in Tehran.

Methods

100 nurses with at least 1 year continuous experience at ER were included in the study. Data were

collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained items including demographics, frequency

and characteristics of violence at work (physical, verbal, nonverbal) and the factors involved.

Content and test-retest as well as internal consistency (Cronbach’s

Validity and reliability of the questionnaire respectively. Data were analyzed by version 16 of SPSS

package.

Findings

The most frequent type of violence was verbal (87%). The frequencies of nonverbal and physical

violence were 70% and 28% respectively. The most common type of verbal violence was yelling

(84%) and, in physical violence, it was throwing objects (33%). In nonverbal violence, insulting and

threatening look (64%) and hitting on the table were very common. Verbal (48.2%) and nonverbal

(65.8%) violence was committed mostly over the past month of the study and at nights. The subjects

(38%) experienced verbal violence up to 5 times. The most frequent cause of violence (77%) was

the lack of control over entrance of patients’ relatives. chi test showed a significant relationship

between physical violence and night shifts (P<0.001) and between female sex of nurses and physical

violence (P<0.005).

Conclusion

ER nurses usually face with violence in a week and the most frequent types are verbal, nonverbal

and physical, leading to decreased speed in delivering efficient care to patients and decreased

quality of health care resulted from it.

Keywords

Corresponding Author

Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Email:

REFERENCES

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Studies. 39 (4) 469-478

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-Ayranci V (2005). Violence towards health care workers in emergency department in west Turkey. The Journal of

Emergency Medicine. 28 (3) 367-365.

-Celik SS et al (2007). Verbal and physical abuse against nurses in Turkey.International Nursing Review. 54 (4) 359-

366.

-Chen WG et al (2004). Incidence and risk factors of work place violence on nursing staffs caring for chronic

psychiatric patients in Taiwan. International Journal Environment Research of Public Health. 6 (11) 2812-2821

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12 (2) 67-73

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(London). 58 (2) 107-114

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Administration. 39 (9-8) 340-349

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Minnesota nurse study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 61(6) 495-503.

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2010] Available at http://www.icn.ch/psviolence00.htm

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. Nursing and Health Sciences 12(

2),

268–274 hs-525 2274.

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Ankara, Turkey. Asian Nursing Research. 5 (4)197-203.

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Nursing Scholarship. 35 (2) 81-85.

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edition Tehran: Shaheed

Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services publication. (Persian).

Abstract
Background and aim: Improving quality of life in a chronic disease such as hemophilia is a major
goal of treatment. Hemophilic patients can be treated either prophylactically or on demand. Since
haemophilia quality of life may be affected by the disease and treatment outcomes, comparison of
these regimens in respect to quality of life outcomes provides useful information. The purpose of
this study is to compare the quality of life between hemophilic children receiving prophylactic and
on demand therapy in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and method: A descriptive –comparative design was used. The sample of the study
consisted of 60 hemophilic children which were recruited from haemophilia treatment centres in

Tehran. Of these children 30 were receiving prophylactic therapy and 30 of them were treated on-
demand .Data was collected by haemophilia-specific QoL questionnaire (HAEMO-QoL). The

questionnaire consists of 8 dimensions: physical health, feeling, view of yourself, family, friends,
others, sport and dealing with haemophilia.The questionnaire consists of 18 items using a5-point
scale.The Higher scores represent a poorer quality of life and lower scores represent better quality
of life. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15 statistical software.
Findings: The mean age of children was 5.3±1.2 and 6±1 in prophylactic and on demand therapy
respectively. The mean total score of quality of life was 40±9.8 and 58 ±10.9 for children in
prophylactic therapy and on-demand treatment respectively. There was a significant difference
between the quality of life scores in two groups. Analysis of subscale scores showed a lower quality
of life score for family domain in prophylactic therapy group, while the scores for family and
physical health subscsles in on-demand group showed a poor quality of life.
Conclusion: Results of the study suggest that quality-of-life may be better for haemophilia children

ABSTRACT

Background and aim

beings.Mechanical ventilation compromises patients’ ability to communicate their needs. This

research was conducted to assess the effect of three methods of communication with patients

receiving mechanical on their satisfaction in Arak hospitals 1389(2010).

Method and materials

Valey Asr, Amir Al Momenin and Ghods hospitals in Arak ,Iran. 60 patients who were admitted in

ICU and were receiving mechanical ventilation were included in the study. These patients were

randomly allocated in three groups.During a 12 hours period researcher used 1 method of

communication for each group of these patients. These mrthods of communication included :A:

Communicational board (words & letters). B: Communicational board (pictures & letters). C: The

conventional method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of

three parts: demographic variables, medical history and satisfaction with communication

method.Validity of the instrument was assured by content validity index. , Cronbach's alpha was

used to determine the reliability of the iinstrument. SPSS, version 16 was used for data analysis.

Findings:

length of stay in the ICU before mechanical ventilation treatment. The mean satisfaction scores

were 2.58, 3.83 and 4.10 for conventional communication group, communication board A ( words

& letters) and communication board B( pictures and letters) respectively. There was a significant

difference among three groups in terms of their satisfaction with communication method

(P<0.001).The one way analysis of variance indicated that using communication boards A & B

significantly increased patient satisfaction.

Conclusion: Using communication boards facilitates communication with mechanically ventilated

patients and increase their satisfaction.

*

of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

Email:

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Nursing.13(1) 41-49.

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Safety. 4 (3)162-168.

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Shargh Journal 10 (1) 27-36. (Persian)

-Imani-Pour M [Quasi experimental research on anxiety and satisfaction of patients undergoing open cardiac surgery

having intubation in selective hospital of Tehran Medical university 2001] MSc Thesis in nursing. Tehran University of

Medical Science.(Persian)

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Research 19(4) 182-190

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edition. St.Louis: Mosby.

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in Critical Care. 9(3):134-142.

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outpatient clinic. Cancer Nursing.32 (1)1-11

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outpatient autologous stem cell transplantation. Oncology Nursing Forum. 32 (1) 57-59

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Abstract

Background and aim:

more complications during this period of life. Men may also experience menopause. Improvement

and treating the complications is based on the correcting the life style. The purpose of this study was

to evaluate the effect of a counseling procedure on the life style of menopausal women and their

husbands.

Materials and methods:

their husbands were selected from Mohammadiyeh medical health center in Hamadan participated in

the study. The participants were randomly divided to control and interventional groups. Initially, life

style information was collected by a questionnaire through interview. Counseling about nutritional

habits and physical exercise was performed for one hour in participants' houses. After two months

there was first post test. Another counseling session and post test was performed similar to first one.

Data was analyzed by Mc Nemar, Paired T test, Wilcoxon, Independent T test and Chi- square tests,

using SPSS 13.

Findings:

of life style, before and after of first and secondary counseling process in women and men in

intervention groups (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

menopausal women and their husbands. Counseling with couples particularly in their houses, is an

effective intervention for improving of participants' life style.

Keywords:

Corresponding Author:

Coach and Member of Research Center for Child and Maternity Care, Hamadan University of Medical

Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran.

Email:

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