Advances in Nursing & Midwifery

Abstract
Background and Aim:
The use of smartphone technology has made significant development during recent years. The use of this technology in students' growth rate was higher. Besides the advantages of this technology, such as drug side effects may also occur. Despite the impairment nursing student safety and patient care is difficult. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smart phone addiction among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 1395. The study has been conducted on 150 nursing students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Quota cluster sampling was done. The research instrument was kwon questionnaire smart phone addiction. The questionnaire was returned by forward-backward translation in Farsi. The data were analyzed by independent t-test and Chi-square. SPSS-16 Software was used for analysis.
Results:
The mean smart phone addiction among students was 12.77 ± 32.94. 9.3% of students were addicted to the smart phone addiction. Between the hours of use of smart phones and Internet access and there is a single smart phone addiction (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
Smartphone addiction among students with prevalence was nearly ten percent. There is access to the Internet and the increased use of smart phones is associated with the disorder. The use and how to use smart phones in educational environments and health should be controlled.
Keywords:
Addiction, Smartphone, Nursing students

Abstract
Background and Aim:
Cancer is a devastating chronic disease that affects all aspects of life. Lifestyle is an important factor which is related
with higher incidence of breast cancer, and it can be modified by education. Investigation of the role of lifestyle on the
incidence of cancer in women needs special attention. This study aimed to assess the lifestyle in women with breast
cancer.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive study. The sample was 60 patients admitted in oncology ward of Imam Sajad Hospital, Ramsar
for chemotherapy in 2015. Lifestyle in patients assessed by lifestyles questionnaire (LSQ). Data analyzed by descriptive
statistics, Chi-square test and SPSS software.
Results:
The lifestyle scores in five cases (8.33%) were undesirable, in 47 cases (78.33%) were relatively desirable, and eight
cases (13.34%) had a desirable level of lifestyle. The chip-square test showed there was not significant relationship
between the lifestyle and the elapsed time of cancer diagnosis, age, job, estrogen & progesterone receptor and
menopause on subjects. (P>0.05) The relationship between lifestyle and education level, marital status, HER-2
oncogenes were significant (P<0.05). The average scores of physical activity and stress were lower than average level
but average scores of feeding and opioid consumption were higher than the average level.
Conclusion:
Although our study results showed better lifestyle scores than previous studies, but they were significantly lower than
ideal levels. With proper counseling and interventions (e.g. teaching relaxation techniques, appropriate physical
activity, healthy diet, maintaining proper sleep patterns, and stress management) the lifestyle of patients can be
promoted.
Keywords:
Cancer; Lifestyle; HER2-neu

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of death throughout the world. There is a
relation between central obesity and glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes, gout, and
hyper-triglyceridemia rather than lower body obesity. Neck circumference is one of the new indices
of obesity because of easily measurement. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship
between neck circumference and other indices of obesity included waist circumference, body mass
index, waist to hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body-fat percent and cardiovascular risk
factors in a group of healthy individuals.
Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study in which 131 healthy subjects, including 50 men and 81 women
were evaluated for relation between neck circumference and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.
Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 using ROC, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests.
Results:
Mean upper standard neck circumferences were 39 cm and 36 cm in men and women, respectively.
In women with elevated neck circumference, weight, waist circumference, height, LDL, systolic
blood pressure and body mass index were significantly higher than those with lesser than standard
neck circumference. Furthermore, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic and
diastolic blood pressure in men with high neck circumference was considerably higher than those
that lesser than usual neck circumference (P <0.05).
Conclusion:
The high neck circumference was associated with some cardiovascular risk factors. These variables
are the same variables indicative of obesity. Excess fat around the neck is associated with weight
gain. This index can be a simple criterion for assessing of people exposed to obesity and is a means
for screening.
Key words:
neck circumference, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors

Abstract
Background and Aim:
The family has important and multiple effects on various aspects of individual and social life.
Marital satisfaction influences on the family. The aim of current study was to determine the effects
of demographic factors on marital satisfaction in selected population of Tehran.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was of 90 couples (180 individuals) which
were selected by convenience sampling from the people who were working in centers affiliated to
the Ministry of Health. They had spent at least two years of marriage, and they didn’t have
addiction and severe psychiatric disorders. After removing the falsified questionnaires, the 80
couples (160 individuals) were investigated. Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire and a
researcher- made demographic characteristics questionnaire were completed for each couple. Data
were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and paired t-test.
Results:
The relationships between age (p=0.07 for women & p=0.85 for men), family size (p=0.07 for
women & p=0.8 for men), income (p=0.09 for women & p=0.6 for men), difference age of couple
(p=0.92 for women & p=0.55 for men) and length of marriage (p=0.36 for women & p=0.36 for
men) and marital satisfaction were not significant.
Conclusion:
Marital satisfaction scores were higher than expected in women and men. Also no significant
relationship with determinant variables was not consistent with some studies. This issue shows need
further examination to generalize the results to other couples.
Keywords:
Satisfaction, Marital Relationship, Demographic Factors

Abstract
Background and Aim:
Depression is a common disease among patients with cardiovascular disease. Depression can be
related to ischemic cardiovascular risk factors such as lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol
abuse, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the
between depression and ischemic cardiovascular disease and its risk factors.
Materials and Methods:
This was a descriptive study. The subjects were 200 patients with ischemic and non-ischemic heart
disease in two groups. The instruments consisted of three sections: the demographic characteristics,
heart diseases risk factor's assessment scale and beck depression inventory. Data were analyzed
with descriptive and analytical statistical (chip-square test) in SPSS software v.16.
Conclusion:
Depression was more frequent among ischemic heart disease patients than non-ischemic heart
disease patients. According to the results, it seems to be appropriate to consider depression
screening and psychiatric consulting among patients with ischemic heart diseases as a prevention
tool.
Keywords:
Depression; Coronary Artery Disease; Myocardial Ischemia; Risk Factors