مقایسه تطبیقی اصل رایگانبودن خدمات اجتماعی شهروندان انگلیس و ایران با استناد به قاعده وجوب تکریم انسان
مجله اخلاق زیستی- علمی پژوهشی,
دوره 9 شماره 1 (1398),
15 June 2019
,
صفحه 1-23
https://doi.org/10.22037/bioeth.v9i1.25975
چکیده
ارتقای کیفیت خدمات اجتماعی عمومی دولتی نقش مهمی در رفاه، آسایش و سلامت هر جامعهای دارد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش پرداختن به مقایسه تطبیقی اصول رایگان خدمات اجتماعی نظیر (تأمین اجتماعی و بهداشتی ـ درمانی، تکریم حریم خصوصی افراد، امنیت شخصی و پلیسی و آزادی کار و مسکن) مد نظر ما در این پژوهش است که در دو کشور ایران و انگلیس با استناد به قوانین حقوقی و قاعده فقهی وجوب تکریم انسانی و عدالت انجام گرفته است. در این راستا به شناخت و تعریف مفاهیم و معیارهای خدمات اجتماعی عمومی در دو کشور مورد نظر پرداختیم. در قوانین حقوقی ایران خدمات رایگان اجتماعی عمومی شامل خدمات آموزشی و تا حدودی بیمه و تأمین اجتماعی است که بیمه رایگان است. در قوانین حقوقی انگلیس، خدمات بهداشتی ـ درمانی و بیمه رایگان و بیمه رایگان هستند و برای برخی افراد ویژه تسهیلاتی را به کار بردهاند و خدمات را رایگان در اختیارشان نهاده است. این خدمات میتواند توسط دولت و نهادهای محلی و همچنین توسط بخش خصوصی ارائه گردد. قوانین اساسی هر دو کشور بر حقوق بنیادین خدمات عمومی برای شهروندان و تکالیف دولت، تأکید تقریباً یکسانی دارند، اما به رسمیتشناختن این حقوق در قوانین اساسی، به منزله قابل دسترسبودن این حقوق برای تمام افراد نیست. در امنیت شخصی و منع شکنجه، این حقیقت كه در هر دورهای برای اینکه بازشناسایی نمود كه آیا شکنجه وجود دارد و یا به قوانین احترام گذاشته میشود یا خیر باید به خروجی دولتها نگریست.
- مقایسه تطبیقی؛ اصل رایگانبودن؛ خدمات اجتماعی؛ قاعده وجوب تکریم انسان؛ قانون اساسی؛ حقوق انگلیس
ارجاع به مقاله
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