Proteomic Analysis of patients with Epileptic Seizure and Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizure; a Cross-Sectional Study
Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine,
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020),
1 January 2020
,
Page e18
https://doi.org/10.22037/aaem.v8i1.593
Abstract
Introduction: There is an increasing interest in the use of different biomarkers to help distinguish psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) from epileptic seizures (ES). This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of differentially expressed serum proteins in ES and PNES cases.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 4 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and 4 patients with PNES were selected from patients with history of recurrent seizures. Venous blood samples were obtained within 1 hour after seizure and serum proteomes as well as the extent of protein expression were analyzed.
Results:  361 proteins were identified; of these, expression of 197 proteins had altered. 110 (55.9%) proteins were down-regulated and 87 (44.1%) were up-regulated in the PNES samples compared to ES samples. The mean pI for deregulated proteins with 1.5 to 3 fold changes were 6.69 ± 1.68 in proteins with increasing expression in ES group and 5.88 ± 1.39 in proteins with increasing expression in PNES group (p = 0.008). The median and interquartile range (IQR) of molecular weight changes in proteins with 1.5 to 3 fold changes were 64 (22.0-86.0) in proteins whose expression had increased in ES group and 39.5 (26.0-61.5) in proteins whose expression had increased in PNES cases (p = 0.05).Â
Conclusion: Several spots with differential expression were observed by comparing patients with ES against the PNES groups, which could be potential biomarkers of the disease. Damage to the blood-brain barrier is the most important difference between the two groups, thus identifying total protein changes offers a key to the future of differentiating ES and PNES patients.
- Seizures
- proteomics
- biomarkers
- diagnosis
- differential
How to Cite
References
Bodde NM, Brooks JL, Baker GA, Boon PA, Hendriksen JG, Aldenkamp AP. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures—diagnostic issues: a critical review. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery. 2009;111(1):1-9.
Gedzelman ER, LaRoche SM. Long-term video EEG monitoring for diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment. 2014;10:1979.
Gordon PC, Valiengo LdCL, Proença IC, Kurcgant D, Jorge CL, Castro LH, et al. Comorbid epilepsy and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: how well do patients and caregivers distinguish between the two. Seizure. 2014;23(7):537-41.
Bodde N, Brooks J, Baker G, Boon P, Hendriksen J, Mulder O, et al. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures—definition, etiology, treatment and prognostic issues: a critical review. Seizure. 2009;18(8):543-53.
LaFrance Jr WC, Reuber M, Goldstein LH. Management of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2013;54:53-67.
Chmielewska N, Szyndler J, Makowska K, Wojtyna D, Maciejak P, Płaźnik A. Looking for novel, brain-derived, peripheral biomarkers of neurological disorders. Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska. 2018;52(3):318-25.
Shahrokh S, Razzaghi Z, Mansouri V, Ahmadi N. Impact of Proteomics in Laser Therapy of Skin: A Review Article. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2019;10(4):90-5.
Wilkins MR, Sanchez J-C, Gooley AA, Appel RD, Humphery-Smith I, Hochstrasser DF, et al. Progress with proteome projects: why all proteins expressed by a genome should be identified and how to do it. Biotechnology and genetic engineering reviews. 1996;13(1):19-50.
Wilkens S, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. A structural model of the vacuolar ATPase from transmission electron microscopy. Micron. 2005;36(2):109-26.
Ashrafmansouri M, Sadjjadi FS, Seyyedtabaei S, Haghighi A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Ahmadi N. Comparative Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Maps for Amastigote-like Proteomes of Iranian Leishmania Tropica and Leishmania major Isolates. Galen Medical Journal. 2019;8:1520.
Fayazfar S, Zali H, Oskouie AA, Aghdaei HA, Tavirani MR, Mojarad EN. Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer via plasma proteomic analysis of CRC and advanced adenomatous polyp. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench. 2019;12(4):328.
Riquelme A, Valdés-Tovar M, Ugalde O, Maya-Ampudia V, Fernández M, Mendoza-Durán L, et al. Potential Use of Exfoliated and Cultured Olfactory Neuronal Precursors for In Vivo Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis: A Pilot Study. Cellular and molecular neurobiology. 2020;40(1):87-98.
da Silva Fernandes MJ, Amorim RP, Carneiro JEM, Araújo MGL, Persike DS. Proteomics-Based Strategy to Identify Biomarkers and Pharmacological Targets in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy: Springer; 2013. p. 115-26.
Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Bagheri N, Shirzad M, Sanei MH, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Rafieian-Kopaei M, et al. Correlation between mucosal IL-6 mRNA expression level and virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori in Iranian adult patients with chronic gastritis. Jundishapur journal of microbiology. 2015;8(8).
Ehsan T, Fisher RS, Johns D, Lukas RJ, Blum D, Eskola J. Sensitivity and specificity of paired capillary prolactin measurement in diagnosis of seizures. Journal of Epilepsy. 1996;9(2):101-5.
Anzola GP. Predictivity of plasma prolactin levels in differentiating epilepsy from pseudoseizures: a prospective study. Epilepsia. 1993;34(6):1044-8.
Tunca Z, Ergene U, Fidaner H, Cimilli C, Ozerdem A, Alkin T, et al. Reevaluation of serum cortisol in conversion disorder with seizure (pseudoseizure). Psychosomatics. 2000;41(2):152.
Bakvis P, Spinhoven P, Giltay EJ, Kuyk J, Edelbroek PM, Zitman FG, et al. Basal hypercortisolism and trauma in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2010;51(5):752-9.
Willert C, Spitzer C, Kusserow S, Runge U. Serum neuronâ€specific enolase, prolactin, and creatine kinase after epileptic and psychogenic nonâ€epileptic seizures. Acta neurologica scandinavica. 2004;109(5):318-23.
LaFrance W, Leaver K, Stopa E, Papandonatos G, Blum A. Decreased serum BDNF levels in patients with epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neurology. 2010;75(14):1285-91.
Aydin S, Dag E, Ozkan Y, Arslan O, Koc G, Bek S, et al. Time-dependent changes in the serum levels of prolactin, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin as a marker of epileptic attacks young male patients. Peptides. 2011;32(6):1276-80.
Sundararajan T, Tesar G, Jimenez X. Biomarkers in the diagnosis and study of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a systematic review. Seizure. 2016;35:11-22.
Li T, Bourgeois J-P, Celli S, Glacial F, Le Sourd A-M, Mecheri S, et al. Cell-penetrating anti-GFAP VHH and corresponding fluorescent fusion protein VHH-GFP spontaneously cross the blood-brain barrier and specifically recognize astrocytes: application to brain imaging. The FASEB Journal. 2012;26(10):3969-79.
Muruganandam A, Tanha J, Narang S, Stanimirovic D. Selection of phage-displayed llama single-domain antibodies that transmigrate across human blood–brain barrier endothelium. The FASEB Journal. 2002;16(2):240-2.
Yang J, Czech T, Yamada J, Csaszar E, Baumgartner C, Slavc I, et al. Aberrant cytosolic acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase in hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Amino acids. 2004;27(3-4):269-75.
Bandtlow CE, Dlaska M, Pirker S, Czech T, Baumgartner C, Sperk G. Increased expression of Nogoâ€A in hippocampal neurons of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. European Journal of Neuroscience. 2004;20(1):195-206.
Yang J, Czech T, Felizardo M, Baumgartner C, Lubec G. Aberrant expression of cytoskeleton proteins in hippocampus from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Amino acids. 2006;30(4):477-93.
Danış Ö, Demir S, Günel A, Aker RG, Gülçebi M, Onat F, et al. Changes in intracellular protein expression in cortex, thalamus and hippocampus in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy. Brain research bulletin. 2011;84(6):381-8.
Lo W-Y, Tsai F-J, Liu C-H, Tang N-Y, Su S-Y, Lin S-Z, et al. Uncaria rhynchophylla upregulates the expression of MIF and cyclophilin A in kainic acid-induced epilepsy rats: a proteomic analysis. The American journal of Chinese medicine. 2010;38(04):745-59.
Conboy L, Varea E, Castro JE, Sakouhi-Ouertatani H, Calandra T, Lashuel HA, et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is critically involved in basal and fluoxetine-stimulated adult hippocampal cell proliferation and in anxiety, depression, and memory-related behaviors. Molecular psychiatry. 2011;16(5):533.
Eun J-P, Choi H-Y, Kwak Y-G. Proteomic analysis of human cerebral cortex in epileptic patients. Experimental & molecular medicine. 2004;36(2):185.
Lee CW, Yu ST, Choi HY, Koh BJ, Kwak YG. Proteomic analysis of human serum from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Korean Journal of Pediatrics. 2009;52(5):567-75.
Behboodi F, Tavirani MR, Yousefzadeh S, Bashizadeh-Fakhar H, Ashoorizadeh B, Faraji R, et al. Studying the proteomic pattern of cancerous tissue in patients with breast cancer and its' comparing with healthy breast. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2015;17(11).
- Abstract Viewed: 375 times
- PDF Downloaded: 233 times
- HTML Downloaded: 16 times